2025 USH 2: Industrialization: Key Terms and People Review

An organization that controls political appointments and elections through patronage and often corruption (e.g., Tammany Hall).

• Political Machine

• Political Party

• Election Committee

• Corruption Syndicate

An individual who starts a business venture, taking on financial risks in pursuit of profit.

• Investor

• Entrepreneur

• Manager

• Employee

A labor organization founded in 1869 that aimed to unite all workers for social reforms like an eight-hour workday, equal pay, and the end of child labor.

• Knights of Labor

• American Federation of Labor

• Industrial Workers of the World

• United Farm Workers

A U.S. federal law passed in 1882 prohibiting Chinese immigration to curb competition for jobs during economic downturns.

• Chinese Exclusion Act

• Immigration Reform Act

• Chinese Immigration Act

• Labor Competition Act

A reformist social movement beginning in the 1880s, aimed at improving the lives of the urban poor by providing educational and social services, exemplified by institutions like Hull House.

• Settlement House Movement

• Progressive Era Movement

• Labor Rights Movement

• Social Gospel Movement

A period in U.S. history during the late 19th century characterized by rapid economic growth, industrialization, and a stark contrast between wealth and poverty.

• Gilded Age

• Progressive Era

• Roaring Twenties

• Great Depression

A national federation of craft unions founded in 1886 under Samuel Gompers, focusing on better wages, hours, and working conditions for skilled workers through collective bargaining.

• American Federation of Labor (AFL)

• National Labor Union (NLU)

• Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)

• United Farm Workers (UFW)

A corrupt political organization led by William "Boss" Tweed that embezzled millions from New York City through bribery, kickbacks, and fraud during the late 19th century.

• Tweed Ring

• Tammany Hall

• The Democratic Party

• The Republican Party

Also known as the Haymarket Riot (1886), it was a violent clash between labor protesters advocating for an eight-hour workday and police, resulting in deaths and increased fear of radicalism.

• Haymarket Square Strike

• Pullman Strike

• Homestead Strike

• Ludlow Massacre

Founder and long-time president of the American Federation of Labor (AFL), Gompers shifted union goals toward practical economic issues like wages and working conditions. Who is he?

• Samuel Gompers

• John L. Lewis

• A. Philip Randolph

• George Meany