Review for Chemical Texture Services Ch. 20

What are the three types of chemical texture services?

Answer explanation

The three types of chemical texture services are permanent waves, relaxers, and curl reformation. Each service alters the hair's structure to create curls, waves, or straightness.

Fill in the blank: Permanent waving is a _______ process.

• chemical

• physical

• mechanical

• biological

Answer explanation

Permanent waving is a chemical process because it involves the use of chemical solutions to break and reform the hair's bonds, allowing it to take on a new shape. This distinguishes it from physical or mechanical methods.

The role of keratin proteins in hair structure is to:

• Provide strength and protection

• Add color to the hair

• Moisturize the scalp

• Promote hair growth

Answer explanation

Keratin proteins are essential for providing strength and protection to hair, making it resilient against damage. They do not add color, moisturize the scalp, or directly promote hair growth.

Which substances cause the hair to swell or open?

Answer explanation

Substances like alkaline solutions or certain chemical relaxers can cause hair to swell or open by breaking down the protein structure, allowing moisture to enter and expand the hair shaft.

Explain the proper technique for permanent waving.

• The proper technique for permanent waving involves wrapping hair around rods and applying a waving lotion.

• The proper technique for permanent waving involves cutting hair in layers.

• The proper technique for permanent waving involves using a flat iron to straighten hair.

• The proper technique for permanent waving involves applying hair gel and blow-drying.

Answer explanation

The correct technique for permanent waving is to wrap hair around rods and apply a waving lotion, which creates curls. The other options involve cutting, straightening, or styling, which are not part of the permanent waving process.

What is the role of ammonia in Ammonium Thioglycolate (ATG)?

• It acts as a reducing agent.

• It swells the cuticle.

• It breaks disulfide bonds.

• It neutralizes hydrogen.

Answer explanation

Ammonia in Ammonium Thioglycolate (ATG) primarily acts to swell the cuticle, allowing better penetration of the product into the hair structure. This is essential for effective hair treatment.

Once inside the cortex, what does Thioglycolate do?

• Adds hydrogen

• Removes sulfur

• Neutralizes ammonia

• Swells the cuticle

Answer explanation

Thioglycolate adds hydrogen to the cortex, which helps in breaking disulfide bonds in hair. This process is essential in chemical treatments, allowing for changes in hair structure.

Neutralizer is called the ______ agent.

• oxidizing

• reducing

• neutral

• catalytic

Answer explanation

A neutralizer is called an oxidizing agent because it facilitates the transfer of electrons, thereby reducing other substances while being itself oxidized. This is a key characteristic of oxidizing agents.

Most neutralizers are often hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). True or False?

• True

• False

Answer explanation

True. Most neutralizers used in various applications, including disinfection and cleaning, are indeed hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) due to its effective oxidizing properties.

What is the pH range of True Acid waves?

• 3.8 to 4.2

• 5.0 to 5.5

• 6.0 to 6.5

• 7.0 to 7.5

Answer explanation

True Acid waves have a pH range of 3.8 to 4.2, making them suitable for creating curls in hair with a lower pH, which helps to close the cuticle and enhance shine.