ESL101_Key words and concepts

Regional or social variation in pronunciation.

Sequences of utterances from different speakers made up of a first part and a second part that typically occur together.

Example:

A: hello

B: hello

1. A:  how are you?

2. B:  I’m fine thanks

Refers to features of people’s speech that vary at different ages: e.g., pitch, vocabulary, pronunciation, and grammar.

Speakers vary their style according to their (perceived) audience.

A systematic description of language, usually as part of a process of standardization. This is usually achieved through the production of grammars and dictionaries and sometimes also pronunciation manuals.

A pidgin that has acquired native speakers and has consequently expanded in structure (grammar and vocabulary) in order to express the range of meanings and functions required of a first language.

Boundary that distinguishes an area on a map where a certain linguistic feature is found from areas in which it is absent.

A variety which is the result of dialect contact. Both linguistic and social factors contribute to its creation.

A language serving as a means of communication between speakers whose first languages differ.

Language use that marginalizes or discriminates against someone on the basis of their gender.