Command word taxonomy - Edexcel GCSE CS 2016 Papers

Construct

• Usually requires creation of an artefact using subject specific symbolic representation, rules, and syntax.

• Involves the analysis of existing artefacts without creating new ones.

• Focuses on theoretical concepts without practical application.

• Requires collaboration with others to complete a project.

Complete

• Requires the completion of a table/diagram/algorithm (in any notation).

• Involves summarizing a text or concept.

• Entails providing a detailed explanation of a process.

• Requires identifying key terms and definitions.

Describe

• To provide a detailed explanation of a concept or idea.

• To give an account of something.

• To argue for a particular point of view.

• To summarize the main points of a discussion.

Explain

• An explanation requires a justification/exemplification of a point, including reasoning/justification.

• An explanation is simply stating facts without any reasoning.

• An explanation is a summary of the topic without any details.

• An explanation is only needed when asked for clarification.

Calculate

• Obtain a numerical answer, showing relevant working. If the answer has a unit, this must be included.

• Provide a verbal explanation of the process without numerical values.

• List the steps involved in the calculation without performing it.

• Estimate the answer without showing any working.

Give a reason/reasons.

• To provide an explanation for a statement made.

• To summarize the main points of a discussion.

• To ask for clarification on a topic.

• To express an opinion on a subject.

State, what is meant by

• The definition of a term is universally accepted and clear.

• When the meaning of a term is expected but there are different ways of how these can be described.

• A term that has no meaning in any context.

• The process of defining a term in a single way.

Deduce

• Draw/reach conclusion(s) from the information provided.

• Make a guess without evidence.

• Assume something without proof.

• Ignore the information given.

Give/State/Name

• They are all synonyms that require recall of information.

• They are all antonyms that require recall of information.

• They are all unrelated terms that require analysis of information.

• They are all verbs that require creative thinking.

State and justify / Identify and justify

• When a selection is made and a justification has to be given for the selection.

• When a choice is made without any explanation.

• When an opinion is expressed without supporting evidence.

• When a decision is made based on personal preference.