IB ESS Topic 3 Biodiversity and conservation

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Eutrophication

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A process where fertilizers, animal waste, sewage, or other nitrogen and phosphorus-rich substances enter waterways, leading to excessive algae growth.

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Protected Area Shape

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Shape B is generally considered better for protected areas due to its potential for greater biodiversity and habitat preservation.

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Types of Biodiversity

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The three types of biodiversity are Genes, Species, and Habitats.

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Advantageous Traits

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Advantageous traits are more likely to be passed onto offspring because they increase the likelihood of survival and reproduction.

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Impact of Alien Species on Biodiversity

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Alien species negatively affect biodiversity if they have a faster growth rate than native species, outcompete native species for resources, or carry new pathogens.

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Biodiversity

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The variety of life in the world, including the variety of species, genetic diversity, and the variety of ecosystems.

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Conservation

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The sustainable management of natural resources to prevent exploitation, destruction, or neglect.

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Habitat Fragmentation

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The process where large habitats are broken into smaller, isolated patches, affecting species survival and biodiversity.

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Invasive Species

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Species that are introduced to a new habitat and cause harm to the environment, economy, or human health.

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Endangered Species

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Species that are at risk of extinction due to habitat loss, poaching, or other factors.