Central Dogma Review

Which statement correctly distinguishes DNA and RNA?

• DNA contains uracil and RNA does not.

• DNA contains nitrogenous bases and RNA does not.

• RNA contains the sugar ribose and DNA does not.

• RNA is arranged in a double helix and DNA is not.

Which statement correctly describes the structure of DNA?

• It is a single-stranded molecule.

• It is made of amino acids.

• It is a single helix.

• It is a double helix.

In nucleotides, the letters A, G, C, T represent:

• phosphate groups

• deoxyribose sugars

• nitrogenous bases

• ribose sugars

Which of these is a segment of DNA that contains the information necessary to produce a protein?

• a phosphate

• a gene

• a mutation

• an enzyme

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The cellular process of creating two new DNA molecules from one original copy is called replication. Which statement is the BEST description of this process?

• DNA opens up and RNA copies it.

• DNA opens up and completely unwinds to make two new molecules.

• DNA opens up and each strand is used as a template for making a new strand.

• RNA opens up the DNA and uses each strand as a template for a new strand.

During the process of DNA replication, in order to separate the two strands of DNA, the enzyme ______ “unzips” the bonds holding the nucleotides together.

• ligase

• primase

• helicase

• nitrogenous base

Which process MUST occur before mitosis can occur?

• DNA transcription

• DNA translation

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The central dogma of molecular biology is centered upon the fact that DNA determines an organism’s traits. Which of the following represents the central dogma?

• proteins→ RNA → DNA

• DNA→ proteins→ RNA

• enzymes→ traits→ organisms

• DNA→ RNA→ proteins

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All organisms undergo protein synthesis. The first step of protein synthesis, in which a DNA strand is used to make a complementary mRNA strand, is called ____.

• messaging

• replication

• transcription

• translation

The image to the right represents which biological process?

• DNA replication

• transcription

• translation

• meiosis

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