What is the primary focus of the text below?

As climate change continues to impact the Philippines, the government is exploring various strategies to address the increasing frequency of typhoons. One proposed solution is to enhance the existing drainage systems in urban areas. However, experts warn that without addressing the root causes of climate change, such measures may only provide temporary relief. According to Dr. Maria Santos, a climate scientist, a comprehensive approach that includes reducing carbon emissions is essential for long-term resilience.

Source: https://climate.org/philippines-typhoon-strategies/

• Sequence

• Problem-Solution

• Cause and Effect

• Comparison and Contrast

What transition word is used that signify solution in the first sentence of the given text?

Flood mitigation may be crucial to the Philippines’ strategy on sea level rise, however, there are concerns that the government’s approach fails to consider its long-term threat. For the most part, this is due to solutions such as the decision to wall off the coast only partially. Although the several gaps in the seawall were necessary to provide fishing boats access to the bay, however, Vonne Villanueva, Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Officer in the City of Navotas, said the coastline may have to be closed to truly protect the city from rising sea levels.

Source: https://earth.org/environmental-issues-in-the-philippines/

• crucial

• partially

• however

• mitigation

What problem is discussed in the text below?

Among the environmental issues in the Philippines is plastic pollution, a particularly severe problem for the country. Evident by the World Bank’s use of the word ‘staggering’ to describe the situation in the Philippines, an insufficient waste management system, coupled with a high dependence on single-use plastics, set the scene for the country’s annual generation of 2.7 million tons of plastic waste.

Source: https://earth.org/environmental-issues-in-the-philippines

• Illegal fishing

• Rising sea level

• Lack of support to fisher folks

• Garbage on seas that cause marine pollution

Which is the best solution to the problem raised in the text?

Among the environmental issues in the Philippines is plastic pollution, a particularly severe problem for the country. Evident by the World Bank’s use of the word ‘staggering’ to describe the situation in the Philippines, an insufficient waste management system, coupled with a high dependence on single-use plastics, set the scene for the country’s annual generation of 2.7 million tons of plastic waste.

Source: https://earth.org/environmental-issues-in-the-philippines

• Ignore the waste materials on the water ways and sea.

• Plant more trees near the water ways to produce cleaner air.

• Participate in clean-up drives in different waterways like creeks, rivers, seas, and oceans.

• Suggest to the government officials best ways to reduce plastic pollution through blogging or posting on social media.

What word is used signifying the presence of problem in the excerpt?

Among the environmental issues in the Philippines is plastic pollution, a particularly severe problem for the country. Evident by the World Bank’s use of the word ‘staggering’ to describe the situation in the Philippines, an insufficient waste management system, coupled with a high dependence on single-use plastics, set the scene for the country’s annual generation of 2.7 million tons of plastic waste.

Source: https://earth.org/environmental-issues-in-the-philippines

• Among

• Evident

• Issue

• Severe

What is the problem in the given text?

Addressing the Philippines’ Education Crisis

(An excerpt)

The education system in the Philippines is floundering. It is time to implement some urgent reforms, such as addressing the spending gap and decentralisation.

The Philippines is in the grip of a severe education crisis, one that threatens its economic future and the promise of its young, vibrant workforce. To address the education crisis, policymakers ought to take urgent steps to increase spending in the sector and give local governments more autonomy.

The hard reality hit Philippine policymakers in 2018, when the Philippines first participated in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Among 79 participating countries, Filipino students (specifically 15-year-olds) ranked dead last in reading and second-to-last in math and science. This was followed by the Southeast Asia Primary Learning Metrics (SEA-PLM), which showed that a whopping 9 in 10 Grade 5 Filipino students could not understand what they were reading. The 2022 PISA results were also discouraging. The K-12 basic education system should also be overhauled. It is meant to prepare high school students with practical skills for employment. In reality, many employers still prefer to hire college graduates. Reforms to the K-12 curriculum should therefore prioritise skills that make high school graduates employable, including digital literacy, critical thinking, and technical skills suited to emerging industries. Employers should also be actively consulted in curriculum development to ensure that K-12 graduates meet industry standards and expectations. In conclusion, while the road to fixing the education crisis is long, targeted reforms today — such as decentralisation, enhanced nutrition programmes, and equitable higher education subsidies — can transform the Philippines’ young population into a driving force for sustainable development, and allow the country to reap its demographic dividend.

Source: https://fulcrum.sg/addressing-the-philippines-education-crisis/

• Food insecurities

• Foreign invaders

• Educational crisis

• Lack of enough funding for government services

What solution is suggested to address the Philippines’ education crisis?

Addressing the Philippines’ Education Crisis

(An excerpt)

The education system in the Philippines is floundering. It is time to implement some urgent reforms, such as addressing the spending gap and decentralisation.

The Philippines is in the grip of a severe education crisis, one that threatens its economic future and the promise of its young, vibrant workforce. To address the education crisis, policymakers ought to take urgent steps to increase spending in the sector and give local governments more autonomy.

The hard reality hit Philippine policymakers in 2018, when the Philippines first participated in the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). Among 79 participating countries, Filipino students (specifically 15-year-olds) ranked dead last in reading and second-to-last in math and science. This was followed by the Southeast Asia Primary Learning Metrics (SEA-PLM), which showed that a whopping 9 in 10 Grade 5 Filipino students could not understand what they were reading. The 2022 PISA results were also discouraging. The K-12 basic education system should also be overhauled. It is meant to prepare high school students with practical skills for employment. In reality, many employers still prefer to hire college graduates. Reforms to the K-12 curriculum should therefore prioritise skills that make high school graduates employable, including digital literacy, critical thinking, and technical skills suited to emerging industries. Employers should also be actively consulted in curriculum development to ensure that K-12 graduates meet industry standards and expectations. In conclusion, while the road to fixing the education crisis is long, targeted reforms today — such as decentralisation, enhanced nutrition programmes, and equitable higher education subsidies — can transform the Philippines’ young population into a driving force for sustainable development, and allow the country to reap its demographic dividend.

Source: https://fulcrum.sg/addressing-the-philippines-education-crisis/

• Change the curriculum to fit the needs of the public.

• Improve PISA result through reviews and learning sessions.

• Evaluate K-12 Curriculum and overhaul it to fit the needs of the populace.

• Improve the quality of education by increasing funds on training teachers and DepEd officials.

Which is NOT a possible solution to the given problem?

The increasing number of dengue cases in the barangay caused alarm to the residences. The local officials are planning for measures to mitigate the problem.

• Keep the surroundings clean through cleanup campaigns.

• Clear and clean stagnant water from canals and creeks.

• Leave water container uncovered for emergency use.

• Destroy all breeding grounds of mosquito.

What type of definition is used in the given text below?

“Stress can be defined as a state of mental or physical tension resulting from challenging circumstances.”

• Expanded definition

• Conceptual definition

• Operational definition

• Developmental definition

Which type of definition is employed in this text?

A school is an educational institution, often a physical building, designed to provide a structured learning environment where students, typically under the guidance of teachers, acquire knowledge and skills. The school plays a vital role in society, facilitating the development of individuals through formal education, which is often compulsory, and prepares them for future roles and responsibilities.

• Expanded definition

• Conceptual definition

• Operational definition

• Developmental definition