Key Terms

An anomaly in data is:

• A common pattern in the data

• A deviation from the norm

• A type of data visualization

• A standard data entry

Central tendency is defined as:

• The measure of how data points are spread out

• The measure of the center of a data set

• The measure of the relationship between variables

• The measure of data variability

A chi-squared test is used for:

• Testing the independence (difference) of two linked data sets (that can be put into categories)

• Determining the mean of a population

• Calculating the correlation between two variables

• Predicting future outcomes based on past data

Correlation is a statistical measure that indicates the strength of the relationship between two variables.

• True

• False

A critical value in statistical tests is:

• a threshold to determine significance

• a measure of central tendency

• a type of data distribution

• a method of data collection

What does degrees of freedom represent in statistical tests?

• The number of independent values or quantities which can be assigned to a statistical distribution

• The total number of observations in a dataset

• The mean value of a dataset

• The range of a dataset

What is a dependent variable?

• A variable that is changed or controlled in a scientific experiment

• A variable that is measured in a study and which you expect to respond to changes in another variable

• A variable that remains constant throughout the experiment

• A variable that is not related to the experiment

Dispersion in the context of a data set is defined as:

• The spread of the data points around the mean value.

• The average of the data points.

• The middle value of the data set.

• The sum of all data points.

What does distribution refer to in data analysis?

• The spread of data points

• The central tendency of data

• The relationship between variables

• The collection of data

Explain expected frequency.

• Expected frequency is the results that you would expect to get based on some theoretical assumptions (the average).

• Expected frequency is the exact number of times an event will occur.

• Expected frequency is the number of times an event has occurred in the past.

• Expected frequency is the number of times an event will never occur.