Understanding Inference for Grade 9

Definition of Inference

• conclusions based on evidence and reasoning.

• a type of logical fallacy.

• a method of data collection.

• a form of statistical analysis.

Example of Inference

• smoke and inferring fire.

• seeing a rainbow and inferring rain.

• hearing thunder and inferring a storm.

• feeling cold and inferring winter.

Significant

• something that is trivial and unimportant

• something that is important, noteworthy, or has a substantial effect or influence

• something that is confusing and unclear

• something that is common and ordinary

Inference in Art

• emotions from colors and shapes.

• the historical context of the artwork.

• the artist's biography and influences.

• the technical skills used in the creation.

Inference in Daily Life

• predicting weather from clouds

• determining time from shadows

• estimating distance from sound

• guessing emotions from facial expressions

DNA

• Bases Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, and Guanine. Contains a phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base in its nucleotides.

• Is composed of ribose sugar and uracil bases.

• Is a single-stranded molecule found in prokaryotes.

• Contains only two bases: Adenine and Thymine.

Punctuated Equilibrium

• periods of short rapid change.

• gradual and continuous evolution.

• constant and unchanging environment.

• long periods of stability followed by sudden change.

Inference in Math

• properties from given information.

• random assumptions based on intuition.

• conclusions drawn from unrelated data.

• speculations without evidence.

Inference vs. Observation

• Observation is what you see; inference is what you conclude.

• Inference is what you see; observation is what you conclude.

• Observation is a guess based on evidence; inference is a fact.

• Inference is a fact based on observation; observation is a guess.

Significance

• the importance or meaning something has, often beyond its literal or surface-level interpretation, and can encompass a work's impact or relevance

• a measure of how much something weighs

• the process of making something more complex

• a term used to describe a person's character