12 CAFS - RM: Reliability & Validity and Ethical Behaviours

A researcher discovered that some of their participants’ personal information was accidentally shared online. By informing participants of the issue, which ethical consideration has been demonstrated?

• Bias

• Confidentiality

• Integrity

• Privacy

Which practice would be most effective in enhancing the validity of research? Mark only one oval.

• Sourcing a variety of digital and print sources

• Ensuring data gathered reflects the intended topic

• Obtaining data from social platforms on a regular basis

• Redistributing a questionnaire with randomly selected participants

Which of the following best describes consistency of measurement within a sampling method?

• Bias

• Integrity

• Reliability

• Validity

Which of the following is an example of integrity when conducting research?

• Reporting data accurately

• Ensuring voluntary participation

• Changing the names of the interviewees

• Surveying only people known to the researcher

A researcher ignores an agreement about not sharing participant data. This is an example of

• bias.

• invalid data.

• poor reliability.

• breach of privacy.

A researcher creates a sample group that does not represent a cross-section of the population. How would this affect the quality of the research? Mark only one oval.

• The data would lack validity.

• The conclusions would be unbiased.

• The process would lack respect for the participants.

• The process would break anonymity and confidentiality agreements.

Which of the following contributes to research being free from bias? Mark only one oval.

• The researcher references correct sources.

• The researcher avoids asking leading questions.

• The participants select which questions to answer.

• The participants give permission before research is conducted.

How can a researcher demonstrate integrity when conducting research? Mark only one oval.

• By modifying data to fit into tables and graphs

• By analysing data using only personal preference

• By maintaining participants’ privacy only when they request it

• By providing an appropriate disclaimer at the start of the research process

Jacob breached copyright in his research project. Which of the following best describes Jacob’s research project?

• His research was biased.

• His research lacked integrity.

• His research provided unreliable results.

• His primary research data was negatively affected.

A student is researching the hypothesis that adolescent females contribute more to household tasks than adolescent males. Four females and two males are selected to be interviewed as the sample group. Using this sample group may lead to

• biased results.

• subjective data.

• issues of privacy.

• valid conclusions.