APEH Period 2 Review

Heliocentric Conception

• A theory that said the earth is the center of the universe.

• A theory that said the sun, not the earth, was the center of the universe and the planets revolved around the motionless sun.

• A theory that proposed the planets move in elliptical orbits around the sun.

• A theory that states all celestial bodies revolve around the earth.

The Great Exhibition

• A display of art and culture in Paris

• Great Britain's 1851 display in the Crystal Palace that demonstrated their success and dominance in the Industrial Revolution.

• A scientific fair held in London in 1900

• An international sports event held in London

patriarchy

• A male dominated family was still the heart of Europe's social organization.

• A system where women hold the primary power.

• A social structure where gender roles are equal.

• A form of government led by a council of elders.

enlightened absolutism

• A form of absolute monarchy inspired by the Enlightenment that embraces rationality.

• A political system where the monarch has limited powers and shares authority with a parliament.

• A type of government that promotes democracy and civil liberties for its citizens.

• A system of governance where the ruler is elected by the people and serves a fixed term.

Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle

• Ended the War of Austrian Succession and returned most territories to their original owners except Silesia.

• Initiated the War of Austrian Succession and resulted in the loss of Silesia.

• Established a permanent peace in Europe and divided Silesia among several nations.

• Created an alliance between France and Austria against Prussia.

General Directory

• A military organization founded by Frederick William I

• The chief administrative agent of Prussia supervising military, police, and economic affairs

• A cultural institution promoting the arts in Prussia

• An educational reform initiative in 18th century Prussia

Maria Theresa

• Empress of Austria who forced nobility and clergy to pay direct taxes

• Queen of France known for her extravagant lifestyle

• A famous scientist who discovered the laws of motion

• A military leader during the Napoleonic Wars

Joseph II

• The one truly Enlightened monarch who instituted widespread enlightened policies, but in so doing alienated the nobility and the church.

• A ruler known for his strict adherence to traditional monarchy and resistance to reform.

• An emperor who focused solely on military expansion and ignored domestic issues.

• A king who was famous for his lavish lifestyle and disregard for the common people.

Geocentric Conception

• An understanding of the universe as a series of concentric spheres with a fixed and motionless earth as its center.

• A model of the universe where the sun is at the center and the earth revolves around it.

• A theory that suggests the earth is flat and surrounded by water.

• A concept that describes the universe as expanding and evolving over time.

Francis Bacon

• Believed that the correct scientific method was to be built on deductive principles.

• Advocated for the use of assumed principles to derive conclusions.

• Believed that the correct scientific method was to be built on inductive principles.

• Promoted the idea that science should rely solely on theoretical frameworks.