Shaping Earth’s Surface Formative

While hiking in the mountains, Tanya observed a narrow and steep valley with running water at the bottom of it. What most likely caused the valley to first form?

• Wind

• River

• It was man-made

• Volcanic eruption

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NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Jane was looking at a cliff made up of several layers of different kinds of rock. Near the top of the cliff, she found a fossilized bone. Near the middle, she found the fossil of a fern. At the bottom, she found a fossilized shell. What process was critical in the formation and preservation of the fossils?

• Plate tectonics

• Chemical weathering

• Deposition

• Abrasion

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NGSS.MS-ESS1-4

NGSS.MS-LS4-1

Water is found in many places on Earth, like rivers, streams, and oceans. What landform will be created when sediments carried by the river are deposited near the river’s mouth?

• A sinkhole

• A sea cliff

• A cavern

• A delta

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-4

Through freezing and thawing, a boulder is broken into smaller pieces. What is this an example of?

• Chemical weathering

• Physical weathering

• Abrasion

• Deposition

Hurricanes and tropical storms are strong storms that often move along the eastern coast of Florida and the southeastern United States. People who live in these areas try to protect their homes and businesses by using sandbags. Many even build their homes above ground. There is also a natural means of flood and storm surge protection for the coastlines and inland areas. Which statement correctly identifies the landform which provides the most protection for the coast?

• Dunes provide protection from erosion caused by water.

• Deltas create a natural barrier to prevent erosion by wind.

• Rivers prevent flooding by preventing ocean water from moving inland.

• Sinkholes decrease the chance for flooding by providing a place for excess water to go.

Many thousands of years ago, glaciers covered large areas of Earth’s surface. Glaciers are large blocks of ice that flow slowly over the land. Portions of the ice melted and were refrozen many times over the years. Which explanation best describes how glaciers contributed to the formation of coastlines along Florida and other states?

• Water, from the melting ice, elevated the shoreline to form plateaus.

• Water, from the melting ice, flooded the plains causing plants to die.

• Water, from the melting ice, changed the shape of the coastline.

• Water, from the melting ice, deposited sand on the ocean floor.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Rivers played a huge part in shaping the Earth through erosion and weathering. The St. John’s River is the largest river in Florida and flows along the northeastern part of the state. How do the rivers in Florida differ from those in other areas?

• Florida’s rivers are shallower than those in mountainous regions.

• Florida’s rivers move much faster than those which end at the ocean.

• Florida’s rivers are much deeper than those located in states further north.

• Florida’s rivers carry more sediment from erosion than those that flow faster.

Tags

NGSS.MS-ESS2-2

Some landforms in Florida have different characteristics than the same type of landform in other states. Which of the following statements correctly differentiates one type of Florida landform from those in other states?

• Florida’s rivers do not flow into the oceans, as do other U. S. rivers.

• Mountain ranges in Florida are long in comparison to the mountain ranges in other states.

• Dunes in Florida are larger than dunes which form in the deserts of the western United States.

• Lakes in Florida may be shallow as compared to other areas or are formed as the result of sinkholes.

Which of the following best describes the many rivers that flow through the state of Florida?

• Florida’s rivers are very deep as a result of the force of the water rushing down mountains.

• Florida’s rivers are very slow due to the flatness of the terrain.

• Florida’s rivers are very swift and cause much erosion.

• Florida’s rivers always begin at the coastline.

Naomi watches birds at a bird feeder for one week and records the number of birds seen there each day. Javier places three different types of food in separate bird feeders and records the number of birds seen at each feeder every day for one week. Which student is conducting an experiment?

• Naomi is conducting an experiment because she is recording data.

• Naomi is conducting an experiment because her investigation has controlled variables.

• Javier is conducting an experiment because his investigation has controlled variables.

• Javier is conducting an experiment because he is recording data.