Which of the following storage media is known for its high capacity and relatively low cost, but is susceptible to magnetic fields?

• Solid state drive (SSD)

• Optical disc (DVD)

• Magnetic hard drive

• USB flash drive

Answer explanation

The magnetic hard drive is known for its high capacity and low cost, making it a popular choice for storage. However, it is susceptible to magnetic fields, which can lead to data loss, unlike SSDs and USB drives.

Which protocol is the foundation for data communication across the Internet?

• HTML

• HTTP

• TCP/IP

• FTP

Answer explanation

TCP/IP is the fundamental protocol suite that enables data communication over the Internet, providing the necessary rules for data transmission. Other options like HTTP and FTP are built on top of TCP/IP.

Which of these is a disadvantage of the Internet for organizations?

• Increased global reach

• Reduced communication costs

• Vulnerability to cyberattacks

• Faster information dissemination

Answer explanation

The Internet's vulnerability to cyberattacks poses a significant risk for organizations, potentially leading to data breaches and financial losses, unlike the other options which are advantages.

Information classified as "confidential" typically requires:

• Public access without restrictions.

• Limited access to authorized personnel only.

• Open sharing within the organization.

• No specific security measures.

Answer explanation

Information classified as 'confidential' is sensitive and requires 'limited access to authorized personnel only' to protect it from unauthorized disclosure.

Which aspect of information quality refers to its accuracy and reliability?

• Comparability

• Validity

• Bias

• Accessibility

Answer explanation

Validity refers to the accuracy and reliability of information. It ensures that the data is correct and trustworthy, making it the appropriate choice for describing the quality aspect in question.

The process of organizing information for efficient access is known as:

• Information collection

• Information transmission

• Information retrieval

• Information storage

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Information retrieval' as it specifically refers to the process of organizing and accessing information efficiently, distinguishing it from collection, transmission, and storage.

Which of the following is NOT a typical category of information used by individuals?

• Financial analysis

• Communication

• Entertainment

• Location-dependent

Answer explanation

Financial analysis is typically associated with business and investment contexts, not personal information categories like communication, entertainment, or location-dependent data, making it the correct choice for this question.

Which data analysis tool is used to visually represent relationships and patterns in data?

• Tables

• Trend identification

• Visualization

• Data cleaning

Answer explanation

The correct choice is 'Visualization' as it specifically refers to tools that graphically represent data, making it easier to identify relationships and patterns, unlike tables or data cleaning.

What is the main difference between data and information?

• Data is processed information.

• Information is raw, unprocessed facts.

• Data is raw, unprocessed facts, and information is processed data.

• There is no difference between data and information.

Answer explanation

The correct choice states that data consists of raw, unprocessed facts, while information is the result of processing that data. This distinction highlights how data transforms into meaningful insights through processing.

Which UK law protects individuals' personal data?

• Computer Misuse Act 1990

• Freedom of Information Act 2000

• Data Protection Act 1998

• Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000

Answer explanation

The Data Protection Act 1998 is the UK law specifically designed to protect individuals' personal data, ensuring privacy and regulating how personal information is used by organizations.