Biology SOL Unit 8 Test - Biochemistry

Which THREE elements make up carbohydrates?

• Carbon

• Oxygen

• Hydrogen

• Phosphorus

Answer explanation

Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. Phosphorus is not a component of carbohydrates, making carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen the correct choices.

Which of the following is a disaccharide?

• Sucrose

• Glucose

• Starch

• Cellulose

Answer explanation

Sucrose is a disaccharide composed of two monosaccharides, glucose and fructose. In contrast, glucose is a monosaccharide, while starch and cellulose are polysaccharides. Therefore, sucrose is the correct answer.

Match the polysaccharides with their functions.

• A form of stored glucose in plants

• Cellulose

• For rigid cell wall in plants

• Glycogen

• A form of stored glucose in humans

• Chitin

• A form of stored glucose in fungi

• Starch

Why are lipids considered hydrophobic?

• They are insoluble in water.

• They dissolve easily in water.

• They are made of water.

• They attract water molecules.

Answer explanation

Lipids are considered hydrophobic because they are insoluble in water. This property arises from their molecular structure, which does not interact favorably with water molecules, leading to their inability to dissolve in aqueous environments.

What is the function of triglycerides in the body?

• Energy storage and thermal insulation

• Building cell membranes

• Catalyzing reactions

• Transporting oxygen

Answer explanation

Triglycerides primarily function as energy storage molecules in the body, providing a reserve of energy. They also offer thermal insulation, helping to maintain body temperature.

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Which type of cholesterol is high in saturated fatty acids?

• High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)

• Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

• Triglycerides

• Unsaturated Fat

Answer explanation

High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL) is often referred to as 'good' cholesterol, but it is not high in saturated fatty acids. Instead, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) is associated with saturated fats, leading to higher cholesterol levels.

What system produces hormones that regulate many aspects of the body's function?

• Endocrine system

• Digestive system

• Nervous system

• Respiratory system

Answer explanation

The endocrine system is responsible for producing hormones that regulate various bodily functions, including metabolism, growth, and mood, making it the correct answer to the question.

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Which of the following is an example of a hormone?

• Insulin

• Glucose

• Hemoglobin

• Cholesterol

Answer explanation

Insulin is a hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood sugar levels. Glucose is a sugar, hemoglobin is a protein in red blood cells, and cholesterol is a lipid, making insulin the correct choice as a hormone.

What process uses information coded in DNA to construct proteins?

• Protein Synthesis

• Photosynthesis

• Cellular Respiration

• Fermentation

Answer explanation

The process that uses information coded in DNA to construct proteins is called Protein Synthesis. This involves transcription of DNA to mRNA and translation of mRNA to form proteins, making it essential for cellular function.

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What are nucleic acids essential for?

• Storage and expression of genomic information

• Energy production

• Cellular respiration

• Photosynthesis

Answer explanation

Nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are crucial for the storage and expression of genomic information, enabling the transmission of genetic traits and the synthesis of proteins, which are essential for cellular functions.

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