Coding Capacity Duration

What type of coding is used in short-term memory according to Baddeley?

• Visual

• Acoustic

• Semantic

• Olfactory

According to Jacobs, what is the digit span for short-term memory?

• 5.2 digits

• 7.3 digits

• 9.3 digits

• 11.4 digits

What is the typical span of memory and chunking according to Miller?

• 5 ± 2 span

• 6 ± 2 span

• 7 ± 2 span

• 8 ± 2 span

How long is the duration of short-term memory without rehearsal according to Peterson and Peterson?

• About 5 seconds

• About 10 seconds

• About 18 seconds

• About 30 seconds

What percentage of face recognition is retained after 15 years according to Bahrick et al.?

• 50%

• 60%

• 70%

• 90%

What is the main criticism of the stimuli used in Peterson and Peterson's study on STM?

• Too complex

• Meaningless stimuli

• Too lengthy

• Too simple

What did Bahrick et al. use to achieve high external validity in their study?

• Complex algorithms

• Meaningful materials

• Random numbers

• Abstract concepts

What is the main finding of Baddeley's research on long-term memory coding?

• Visual

• Acoustic

• Semantic

• Olfactory

What did later studies find about the digit span study by Jacobs?

• It was invalid

• It was a valid study

• It was inconclusive

• It was outdated

According to Cowan, how many chunks can short-term memory hold?

• Four chunks

• Six chunks

• Eight chunks

• Ten chunks