Unit 7: Genetics & Heredity Vocabulary - Quizs

The passing of parents’ DNA in genes that codes for proteins/traits to their offspring in the next generation:

• Genetics

• Meiosis

• Mitosis

• Heredity

• Cell Differentiation

Answer explanation

Heredity refers to the passing of genetic information from parents to offspring, which includes DNA that codes for proteins and traits. This process is fundamental to the inheritance of characteristics in the next generation.

Offspring inherit ONLY ONE copy of an allele (gene) from EACH parent.

• Law of Segregation

• Law of Independent Assortment

• Law of Dominance

Answer explanation

The Law of Segregation states that offspring inherit one allele from each parent, ensuring that each parent contributes equally to the genetic makeup. This principle explains the inheritance pattern described in the question.

Genetic disorders resulting from a mutation in a gene on the female sex chromosome; may be dominant or recessive.

• Autosomal recessive disorder

• Autosomal dominant disorder

• X-linked disorder

• Y-linked disorder

Answer explanation

X-linked disorders are genetic conditions caused by mutations in genes located on the X chromosome. These disorders can be either dominant or recessive, affecting primarily males, but females can also be carriers.

Pattern of inheritance in which genes have MORE than TWO alleles that code for a trait in a population (ONE Gene – MANY alleles).

• Incomplete Dominance

• X-linked Inheritance

• Codominance

• Multiple Alleles

• Polygenic Inheritance

Answer explanation

The correct answer is 'Multiple Alleles' because it describes a pattern of inheritance where a single gene has more than two alleles in a population, allowing for greater genetic diversity in traits.

Stronger alleles are expressed (observed) and weaker alleles are masked (hidden) by the stronger allele when it is present.

• Law of Segregation

• Law of Independent Assortment

• Law of Dominance

Answer explanation

The Law of Dominance states that stronger alleles are expressed while weaker alleles are masked when the dominant allele is present. This concept explains the observation of traits in offspring.

Trait that is encoded by genes located on the sex chromosomes (X and Y).

• Dominant trait

• Recessive trait

• Polygenic trait

• Sex-linked trait

• Incomplete dominance trait

Answer explanation

A sex-linked trait is one that is determined by genes located on the sex chromosomes (X and Y). This distinguishes it from dominant, recessive, polygenic, and incomplete dominance traits, which are not specifically linked to sex chromosomes.

Individuals with a heterozygous genotype (Aa) that have only ONE recessive allele encoding a recessive disorder/trait; they DO NOT have the recessive disorder/trait, but CAN pass the recessive allele for the recessive disorder/trait to offspring.

(a)  

Answer explanation

Individuals with a heterozygous genotype (Aa) are known as carriers. They possess one dominant allele and one recessive allele, meaning they do not express the recessive disorder but can pass the recessive allele to their offspring.

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

• Phenotype

• Genotype

• Characteristic

• Gene locus

• Allele

Answer explanation

The term 'gene locus' refers to the specific location of a gene on a chromosome, making it the correct choice. Other options like phenotype and genotype describe traits or genetic makeup, not the location.

Distinguishing characteristic or feature (external and internal) that is genetically inherited from parents.

(a)  

Answer explanation

The term 'Trait' refers to a distinguishing characteristic or feature that is inherited genetically from parents, encompassing both external and internal attributes.

(a)   genetic disorders result from a mutation in a gene on a sex chromosome; may be dominant or recessive.

Answer explanation

Sex linked genetic disorders are caused by mutations in genes located on sex chromosomes (X or Y). These disorders can be either dominant or recessive, affecting inheritance patterns based on the sex of the individual.