What is a common challenge faced by Indigenous Knowledge Systems today?

Globalization and devaluation of knowledge

What does the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997 recognize?

The rights of Indigenous Peoples to land, culture, and self-governance

The rights of non-Indigenous people

The rights of corporations over Indigenous lands

The rights of Indigenous Peoples to modernize

How do Indigenous communities typically resolve disputes?

Using mediation by elders and community leaders

Which of the following is a method used by Indigenous communities for disaster preparedness?

Using early warning systems based on nature

Relying solely on government alerts

Which of the following describes the relationship between Indigenous Knowledge Systems and modern science?

They can be integrated for holistic solutions

Indigenous knowledge is irrelevant

They are completely incompatible

What is the role of elders in Indigenous communities?

To act as spiritual guides and knowledge keepers

To represent only their own interests

To focus on economic development

What does the term 'collective decision-making' imply in Indigenous governance?

Decisions are made through consultation and consensus

Decisions are made by a single leader

Decisions are based on majority rule

Which of the following is a common practice in Indigenous agriculture?

Rotational planting and seed diversity

What is the significance of the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP)?

It affirms the rights of Indigenous Peoples to self-determination and land

It promotes the rights of corporations

It focuses solely on economic growth

How does the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997 reflect the principles of cultural relativism?

The IPRA of 1997 reflects cultural relativism by recognizing and respecting the rights and cultural identities of Indigenous peoples.

The IPRA of 1997 promotes a single national culture over Indigenous cultures.

The IPRA of 1997 ignores the cultural identities of Indigenous peoples.

The IPRA of 1997 restricts the rights of Indigenous peoples to assimilate into mainstream society.

In what way can the role of the mumbaki in Ifugao society be interpreted as both spiritual and political?

The mumbaki serves as both a spiritual mediator and a political leader in Ifugao society.

The mumbaki is solely a political figure with no spiritual duties.

The mumbaki acts as a mediator between different tribes but has no political influence.

The mumbaki only performs agricultural tasks in Ifugao society.

Which scenario best illustrates the concept of self-determination among IP communities?

Indigenous peoples organizing their own leadership councils based on tradition

An IP community relying solely on external governance.

An IP community participating in a national election.

An IP community receiving aid from a foreign government.

What critical role do oral traditions play in sustaining indigenous governance systems?

Oral traditions sustain indigenous governance by preserving cultural knowledge and laws, ensuring continuity and community identity.

Oral traditions are only relevant in historical contexts.

Oral traditions are primarily used for entertainment purposes.

Oral traditions have no impact on community identity.

If elders are removed from decision-making roles, what potential long-term consequence might arise?

A decline in wise and experienced decision-making.

Enhanced collaboration among all age groups.

Greater innovation from younger perspectives.

Increased efficiency in decision-making.

Why is it problematic for modern development projects to ignore ancestral domain rights?

It can cause displacement, cultural loss, and conflicts.

It leads to better environmental sustainability.

It enhances community engagement and participation.

It promotes economic growth and development.

Which of the following best demonstrates the IPs’ principle of “collective ownership”?

Community land trusts or cooperatives.

What is the philosophical underpinning behind the spiritual connection IPs have with their land?

The philosophical underpinning is the belief that land is sacred and integral to identity, culture, and spirituality.

Spiritual connections are unrelated to cultural identity.

Land is merely a resource for economic gain.

The land is viewed as a commodity for trade.

How can the customary justice systems of IPs challenge the modern state legal system?

Customary justice systems of IPs can challenge the modern state legal system by prioritizing community-based resolutions and cultural practices over formal legal procedures.

Customary justice systems enforce strict penalties that align with state laws.

Modern state legal systems are always preferred over customary practices.

Customary justice systems have no impact on the state legal system.

What role do rituals play in peacebuilding efforts among IP communities?

Rituals promote healing, social cohesion, and dialogue, essential for peacebuilding in IP communities.

They reinforce collective identity, spiritual unity, and reconciliation

Rituals are solely for entertainment purposes in IP communities.

Rituals create division and conflict among IP communities.

What is the consequence of excluding IPs from environmental policymaking?

The consequence is the loss of valuable traditional knowledge and increased conflicts over land and resources.

Increased biodiversity and ecosystem health.

Improved economic growth and development.

Enhanced community engagement in decision-making.

The preservation of the Ifugao Rice Terraces demonstrates the successful application of:

sustainable agriculture and cultural heritage preservation

What does the continued oral transmission of folklore among IPs suggest about their view of knowledge?

Knowledge is viewed as communal and dynamic, shaped through storytelling and cultural heritage.

Knowledge is primarily based on written texts and historical documents.

Knowledge is seen as individual and static, not influenced by culture.

Knowledge is considered irrelevant to cultural identity and community.

How do peace pacts ( bodong ) among Cordillera tribes illustrate restorative justice?

Peace pacts among Cordillera tribes illustrate restorative justice by promoting reconciliation, community healing, and collective accountability.

They prioritize individual success over community welfare.

They focus solely on punishment for wrongdoers.

They are legally binding contracts enforced by the government.

A mining company begins operations within the ancestral land of an indigenous community, claiming legal permits from the national government. The community opposes this, citing IPRA and lack of FPIC (Free and Prior Informed Consent). As a student advocate for indigenous rights, what is your most strategic initial action?

Organize a community meeting to discuss IPRA and FPIC rights.

Support the mining company to create jobs for the community.

Ignore the issue and focus on other advocacy projects.

File a lawsuit against the national government for permitting mining.

A new mayor wants to modernize a town by replacing traditional conflict resolution councils with barangay justice systems. The elders of the indigenous group argue that this will erase their customary laws. What principle is most at risk?

Indigenous rights and customary laws

Economic development and growth

Community engagement and participation

A young member of an IP community begins to reject their traditions and moves to an urban area. Years later, they return with the intent to lead the community using corporate management models. What leadership challenge might arise from this situation?

Cultural resistance to corporate management models.

Increased acceptance of traditional practices.

Enhanced community engagement through corporate strategies.

Improved financial stability from corporate investments.

An NGO is planning to implement peacebuilding programs in IP communities affected by intertribal conflict. Which approach best ensures the initiative’s cultural sensitivity and effectiveness?

Engage local leaders and community members in a participatory approach.

Use a one-size-fits-all strategy for all IP communities.

Focus solely on economic development without cultural considerations.

Implement a top-down approach without community input.

During a disaster, an indigenous group refuses relocation, saying the land is sacred. As a disaster response official, how do you ethically proceed?

Respect their wishes and seek a collaborative solution that honors their cultural values.

Offer them financial compensation to leave the land.

Ignore their concerns and proceed with the plan.

Relocate them immediately for their safety.

A proposed infrastructure project will cut across a region containing two indigenous communities with different ancestral claims. If you were part of the task force, what process would best address the conflict?

Engage in a collaborative consultation process with both communities.

Implement the project without any environmental assessments.

Conduct a unilateral decision-making process without community input.

Ignore the concerns of the communities and proceed with the project.

In a cultural mapping activity, students notice the dwindling participation of youth in rituals. As a response, what program can schools implement to foster intergenerational transmission?

Mentorship program pairing students with older community members.

An art class emphasizing modern techniques.

A technology club for coding and robotics.

A sports program focusing on physical fitness.

A law student argues that indigenous justice systems should be abolished for being "unconstitutional." Based on the IPRA and the Local Government Code, what is the most appropriate counterargument?

Indigenous justice systems are protected by the IPRA and Local Government Code, making their abolition unconstitutional.

Indigenous justice systems violate national laws and should be replaced.

The IPRA does not apply to local governance issues.

Local Government Code mandates the abolition of all non-state justice systems.

You are evaluating the effectiveness of IPRA in protecting indigenous land rights in Mindanao. Which indicator best reflects success?

Increased legal recognition and protection of ancestral land titles for indigenous communities.

Higher rates of urban migration from indigenous areas.

Increased government funding for infrastructure projects in Mindanao.

More tourism development initiatives in indigenous territories.

During a public forum, a policymaker says that IPs should assimilate into mainstream culture to be progressive. Which UNDRIP principle is being contradicted?

The right to maintain and strengthen distinct cultural identities.

The right to access public services equally.

The right to participate in political processes.

The right to economic development opportunities.

You are tasked to evaluate the success of a peace pact between two tribes. Which method reflects a culturally appropriate evaluation approach?

Participatory evaluation involving both tribes' perspectives.

A survey conducted only with tribal leaders.

An analysis based solely on historical conflicts.

A quantitative study measuring economic impacts.

A national law mandates infrastructure development across indigenous territories, with limited consultation. The Supreme Court upholds the law citing "public necessity." Which constitutional and ethical dilemma does this most likely create?

Violation of indigenous rights and autonomy.

Enhancement of public infrastructure

Strengthening of national security

A community’s elders reject a state-funded resettlement project after a volcanic eruption, insisting on rebuilding within their ancestral domain. What philosophical belief underpins their decision?

Cultural preservation and connection to ancestral land.

Economic development and modernization

Government intervention for safety

Relocation to urban areas for better resources

A tribal youth leader proposes abolishing the Council of Elders for being "non-democratic." What complexity arises from this suggestion?

The complexity arises from potential conflict and instability in the community.

It promotes unity among the youth.

It enhances the authority of the elders.

It simplifies decision-making processes.

During a cultural summit, an elder refuses to share a sacred ritual on stage, stating it's not for public display. A scholar calls this "withholding heritage." What is the ethical position of the elder?

The elder's ethical position is one of cultural preservation and respect for sacred traditions.

The elder is indifferent to the importance of cultural heritage.

The elder believes in sharing all cultural practices openly.

The elder thinks that all traditions should be modernized for public consumption.

Indigenous People and Peace Studies Education

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Indigenous People and Peace Studies Education

50 questions

What does Indigenous Knowledge (IK) primarily refer to?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Indigenous Knowledge?

What is the primary belief of Indigenous groups regarding humans and nature?

How do Indigenous communities ensure resource conservation?

What role do tribal elders play in Indigenous governance?

Which of the following is a core principle of Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK)?

What is the significance of rituals in Indigenous cultures?

Which Indigenous group uses the term 'Datu' for their leader?

What is a common challenge faced by Indigenous Knowledge Systems today?

What does the Indigenous Peoples Rights Act (IPRA) of 1997 recognize?

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