________ involves following a group of research participants for an extended period of time.

• a. cross-sectional research

• b. longitudinal research

• c. experimental research

• d. case study research

Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?

• a. associate's degree

• b. bachelor's degree

• c. master's degree

• d. doctoral degree

Longitudinal research is complicated by high rates of ________.

• a. bias

• b. attrition

• c. sampling error

• d. confounding variables

The major limitation of case studies is ________.

• a. the high cost of conducting case studies

• b. the limited number of participants involved

• c. the inability to generalize the findings from this approach to the larger population

• d. the extensive time required to complete case studies

The benefit of naturalistic observation studies is ________.

• a. the honesty of the data that is collected in a realistic setting

• b. the ability to control variables in a lab environment

• c. the ease of replicating the study in different settings

• d. the speed of data collection compared to experiments

The ________ places less emphasis on research and more emphasis on application of therapeutic skills.

• a. PhD

• b. PsyD

• c. MD

• d. EdD

Sigmund Freud developed his theory of human personality by conducting in-depth interviews over an extended period of time with a few clients. This type of research approach is known as a(n): ________.

• a. survey

• b. case study

• c. experiment

• d. observational study

A major criticism of Freud’s early theories involves the fact that his theories ________.

• were not testable

• were too simplistic

• were based on empirical evidence

• were universally accepted

________ are defined as observable realities.

• a. opinions

• b. facts

• c. beliefs

• d. theories

The correlation coefficient indicates the weakest relationship when ________.

• a. it is closest to 0

• b. it is closest to 1

• c. it is negative

• d. it is positive