Correlation and Causation - Estimate Population Quiz

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between correlation and causation?

• Correlation implies that one event causes another, while causation implies a relationship between two events.

• Correlation implies a relationship between two events, while causation implies that one event causes another.

• Correlation and causation both imply that one event causes another.

• Correlation and causation both imply a relationship between two events.

If a study finds a correlation between ice cream sales and drowning incidents, what can be concluded?

• Ice cream sales cause drowning incidents.

• Drowning incidents cause ice cream sales.

• There is a relationship, but no causation can be concluded.

• Both events are unrelated.

Which of the following is an example of causation?

• The number of hours studied and the grades received.

• The number of movies watched and the amount of popcorn sold.

• The number of umbrellas sold and the amount of rainfall.

• The number of books read and the number of pencils bought.

Estimate the range for the total number of U.S adults who got their news from social media often or sometimes in 2020 if there were 256,662,010 U.S. adults at the time of the survey using the estimate of 53% with a margin of error of ±1%.

• 130,000,000 to 140,000,000

• 132,000,000 to 138,000,000

• 134,000,000 to 136,000,000

• 135,000,000 to 137,000,000

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates a correlation?

• The more you exercise, the more calories you burn.

• The more you study, the higher your test scores.

• The more ice cream sold, the higher the temperature.

• The more you eat, the more weight you gain.

Estimate the range for the total number of people who prefer chocolate ice cream if a survey of 1,000 people finds that 60% prefer chocolate ice cream with a margin of error of ±2%.

• 550 to 650

• 580 to 620

• 590 to 610

• 600 to 620

Which of the following is NOT a reason why correlation does not imply causation?

• There could be a third variable affecting both correlated variables.

• The correlation could be due to random chance.

• One variable always causes the other.

• The relationship could be coincidental.

If a study shows a correlation between the number of hours spent on social media and lower grades, what should be concluded?

• Spending more time on social media causes lower grades.

• Lower grades cause more time spent on social media.

• There is a relationship, but causation cannot be determined.

• There is no relationship between the two.

Estimate the range for the total number of people who agree with a statement if a survey of 500 people finds that 45% agree with a margin of error of ±3%.

• 200 to 250

• 210 to 240

• 215 to 235

• 220 to 230

Which of the following is an example of a spurious correlation?

• The number of fire trucks at a fire and the amount of damage caused.

• The number of hours studied and the grades received.

• The number of people who own a pet and the number of people who exercise regularly.

• The amount of rainfall and the number of umbrellas sold.