Iatrogenic Factors in Periodontics

Which of the following best defines an iatrogenic factor?

• A disease acquired through genetics

• A condition resulting from the treatment by a clinician

• An infection caused by poor oral hygiene

• A spontaneous lesion with no known cause

Overhanging restorations most commonly contribute to periodontal disease by:

• Increasing salivary flow

• Promoting plaque accumulation

• Strengthening gingival fibers

• Preventing root caries

Which of the following is not an iatrogenic factor?

• Overcontoured crowns

• Improper flap design

• Dental plaque

• Residual cement after prosthesis placement

The biologic width is critical in restorative procedures to prevent:

• Caries recurrence

• Gingival pigmentation

• Chronic inflammation

• Enamel erosion

Inadequate crown margin placement can lead to:

• Periodontal regeneration

• Gingival recession or pocket formation

• Increased pulp vitality

• Orthodontic relapse

Subgingival placement of restoration margins may result in all of the following EXCEPT:

• Bone resorption

• Inflammation

• Periodontal attachment loss

• Enhanced oral hygiene

Trauma from occlusion is an example of:

• Developmental anomaly

• Functional stimulation

• Iatrogenic damage

• Occlusal adjustment

Which material is most likely to cause gingival irritation if not properly removed after cementation?

• Zinc phosphate

• Resin-modified glass ionomer

• Glass ionomer

• All of the above

During periodontal surgery, flap reflection beyond the mucogingival junction may lead to:

• Faster healing

• Increased keratinized tissue

• Loss of attached gingiva

• Improved esthetics

Orthodontic tooth movement can become an iatrogenic factor when:

• It results in ideal occlusion

• Force application is light and intermittent

• Excessive or uncontrolled forces cause bone loss

• There is increased bone apposition