Unit 5 Gene Expression Review

Human bone, muscle, and nerve cells all contain the same number of chromosomes with the same complement of genes. What enables these cells to perform specialized activities?

• The ability of some cells to remove unnecessary DNA sequences

• The regulation of gene expression within each cell type

• The mutation of genes within each cell type

• 
  The use of different methods of cell division

During the process of differentiation

• None of these

• ONLY ONE section of DNA are deactivated to determine the structure of a body cell

• all sections of DNA are activated to determine the structure of a body cell

• only specific sections of DNA sequence are activated to determine the structure and functions of a body cell

Click on the image to zoom in.

• F.

• G.

• H.

• J.

The diagram shows how specialized body cells can develop.

Which of the following best explains why cells that contain the same genetic material do not develop into the same types of cells?

• Because chemical signals that are released during the cell cycle can result in the linking of similar genes

• 
  Because messenger RNA is converted to transfer RNA when cell differentiation begins

• 
  Because random mutations can occur in the DNA of cells during early embryonic development

• 
  Because internal and external stimuli can trigger the activation of specific genes in the DNA of cells

Stem cells are ____________________.

• cells that grow uncontrollably

• undifferentiated cells that can turn into other types of cells

• the first cells of a new living organism (fertilized egg)

• specialized cells that do one job

A type of mutation that involves the loss of one or more nucleotides from a segment of DNA.

• Insertion

• Translocation

• Deletion

• Inversion

Which of the following is true about cell differentiation?

• Different cells contain different DNA, which leads to specialization

• All cells eventually reach G0 and stop dividing

• Different cells have the same DNA, but express different genes--leading to specialization

• Even though a cell is differentiated, it can always turn into another cell type

In the diagram, the process occurring in the nucleus of the cell is ----

• transcription, the decoding of DNA into a messenger RNA molecule

• translation, the decoding of DNA into a messenger RNA molecule

• translation, the production of proteins from messenger RNA

• transcription, the production of proteins from messenger RNA

What is this molecule? What does it do?

• rRNA, a critical component of ribosomes, which function as molecular machines responsible for synthesizing proteins within cells."

• mRNA,  Transport protein information from the DNA within a cell's nucleus to the cytoplasm.
  

• tRNA, Transporting amino acids to the ribosome and verifying that the appropriate amino acid is incorporated into the elongating protein chain.

• microRNA, small, non-coding RNA molecules that help cells regulate gene expression

Which of the following are examples of Frameshift mutations?

• Deletion & Silent

• Insertion & Missense

• Deletion & Insertion

• Insertion & Substitution