APCSP Computing Innovations

A cloud storage service called SyncSafe automatically backs up files from a user's designated folders to the company's servers whenever changes are detected. To save local disk space, after a successful backup, the service replaces the local file with a smaller placeholder file that links to the cloud version. The original full file is removed from the local device. Users need an internet connection to access the full version of any file that has been replaced by a placeholder. Which of the following is most likely to be a harmful effect of using SyncSafe?

• Users cannot access older versions of their files when they have internet connectivity.

• Users cannot access the full versions of their backed-up files when they do not have internet connectivity.

• Users cannot access placeholder files when they have internet connectivity.

• Users cannot access the full versions of their backed-up files when they have internet connectivity.

AccessiNav is a map navigation application designed for accessibility. Users create profiles specifying preferences such as: High-contrast color schemes for maps. Voice command activation sensitivity. Choice of voice guidance language and speed. Option to prioritize routes with wheelchair accessibility (ramps, elevators). The application uses fingerprint scanning on the device to identify the user and load their preferences upon startup. It stores user profiles, saved locations, and route history in a secure online account. Which of the following is most likely to be a beneficial effect of using AccessiNav?

• Users may have a reduced risk of their saved locations being accessed by others.

• Users may have a reduced risk of their fingerprint data being stolen from the device.

• Users with mobility challenges may be able to find more suitable routes.

• Users with older devices may find the application runs faster than other map apps.

AccessiNav is a map navigation application designed for accessibility. It stores user profiles (accessibility settings, voice preferences), saved locations (home, work), and detailed route history (times, routes taken, modes of transport chosen) in a central database. From the perspective of the application’s developers, which of the following is most likely to be a benefit of storing this user data?

• The developers can analyze route history and accessibility preferences to identify common navigation challenges and improve route suggestions or accessibility data.

• The developers can analyze the data to minimize the diversity of user preferences, simplifying the app's features.

• The developers can decrease the amount of server infrastructure needed to run the application.

• The developers can eliminate the need for user authentication since preferences are stored centrally.

Which of the following activities is most suitable for a large number of volunteers participating in a citizen science project online?

• Designing the user interface for a new mobile application to collect scientific data.

• Writing the software code to analyze complex climate model outputs.

• Identifying and tagging different types of cloud formations in satellite images provided through a web portal.

• Operating a particle accelerator remotely to conduct physics experiments.

Which of the following applications would gain the most significant functional improvement from incorporating crowdsourcing?

• An application that calculates loan amortization schedules.

• An application that functions as a scientific calculator with graphing capabilities.

• An application that stores personal diary entries securely on the user's device.

• An application that maps the real-time availability of public electric vehicle charging stations based on user reports.

A mobile application called WeatherWatch displays current weather conditions and forecasts. Which of the following features best demonstrates the use of crowdsourcing?

• Users can view radar maps showing precipitation based on national weather service data.

• Users can set customized alerts for severe weather warnings issued by authorities.

• Users can submit reports about whether it is currently raining or snowing at their exact location, which are aggregated on a map.

• Users can save multiple locations (e.g., home, work) to quickly check the forecast.

An astronomy project asks volunteers worldwide to review images from telescopes and classify galaxy shapes using a web interface. The classifications submitted by many volunteers help astronomers categorize vast numbers of galaxies more quickly than they could alone.

This collaborative effort is an example of:

• Machine Learning

• Open Data

• Citizen Science

• Crowdfunding

A national weather service collects vast amounts of meteorological data (temperature, pressure, precipitation, etc.) from stations across the country. They make this raw data publicly accessible on their website in standardized formats, allowing researchers, private companies, and hobbyists to download and use it for forecasting, analysis, or developing applications.

This policy of making data freely available is known as:

• Crowdfunding

• Open Data

• Machine Learning

• Citizen Science