Environmental Science Exam 3 – Energy and Matter

Imagine you're in a magical world where everything around you is made of mysterious substances. Abigail and Ava are on a quest to find out what makes up these substances. Can you help them by identifying what defines matter in this enchanted realm?

• Has mass

• Has volume

• Is high in potential energy

• Is in motion

Answer explanation

Matter is defined as any substance that has mass and volume. These two properties are essential for identifying matter, while being high in potential energy or in motion are not defining characteristics.

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Most of the atom’s mass is found here.

• C

• Electron Cloud

• A

• Nucleus

• D

• Proton

• B

• Neutron

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Imagine you're on a science adventure with Mason, Michael, and Anika! You're exploring the magical world of air, which is made of nitrogen (N₂), oxygen (O₂), carbon dioxide (CO₂), and water (H₂O). What do these all have in common?

• They are all pure elements.

• They are all compounds.

• They are all individual atoms.

• They are all molecules.

Answer explanation

All the substances listed (N₂, O₂, CO₂, H₂O) are molecules because they consist of two or more atoms bonded together. They are not pure elements or individual atoms, and while CO₂ and H₂O are compounds, N₂ and O₂ are diatomic molecules.

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Imagine Anika and Grace are conducting a fun science experiment with a mouse in a jar. What amazing substance did they discover, just like Joseph Priestly did?

• Carbon dioxide

• Oxygen

• Water

• Nitrogen

Answer explanation

In Joseph Priestly's mouse in a jar experiment, he discovered that the mouse could survive longer in a jar with a plant, indicating the release of oxygen, which is essential for respiration, thus identifying oxygen as the substance.

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During a fun science experiment, Anika and Kai observed bubbles of oxygen being released from aquatic plants. They were amazed to learn that Jan Ingenhousz discovered this component of photosynthesis! What environmental condition did the plants need to create this bubbly effect?

• Darkness

• Sunlight

• Warm temperatures

• Cold temperature

Answer explanation

Jan Ingenhousz found that aquatic plants release oxygen bubbles only in the presence of sunlight, which is essential for photosynthesis. Therefore, sunlight is the necessary environmental condition for this process.

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Imagine Priya and Isla are on a road trip adventure! The gasoline that fuels their car's journey contains what kind of energy?

• Potential

• Kinetic

Answer explanation

The gasoline used in cars contains potential energy, which is stored energy that can be converted into kinetic energy when the fuel is burned and used to power the engine.

Michael and Sophia are on a quest to discover what form of electromagnetic radiation the sun releases that helps plants perform their magical process of photosynthesis. Can you help them find the answer?

• Ultraviolet

• Infrared

• Visible

• Microwave

Answer explanation

The sun emits visible light, which is essential for photosynthesis in plants. This form of electromagnetic radiation is absorbed by chlorophyll, enabling plants to convert light energy into chemical energy.

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Imagine you're a tiny seed, just like Mia's favorite sunflower seed. As you grow into a big, strong plant, where do you think you get most of your mass from?

• Water from the soil.

• Carbon dioxide from the air.

• Elements (potassium, nitrogen, phosphorus) from the soil.

• Sunlight.

Answer explanation

Plants primarily gain mass from carbon dioxide in the air through photosynthesis. While water and nutrients are important, the majority of a plant's biomass comes from the carbon fixed from CO2.

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Hey science explorers! Kai and Aria are on a mission to identify the chemical reaction shown in the diagram. Can you help them figure out what this reaction is?

• Photosynthesis

• Cell respiration

Answer explanation

Cell respiration is the process by which cells convert glucose and oxygen into energy, carbon dioxide, and water. This reaction is essential for energy production in living organisms, distinguishing it from photosynthesis.

Imagine you're on a thrilling adventure with Liam, Arjun, and Mia! Why do you think they need to munch on snacks during their journey?

• For a burst of energy to keep going

• To gather materials for their quest

• To fuel up with energy and gather materials

Answer explanation

Consumers need to eat to obtain both energy and matter. Energy fuels bodily functions, while matter provides essential nutrients for growth and repair, making the correct answer 'For a source of energy and matter'.