Interpreting p-value

Front

What is a p-value?

Back

The p-value is the probability of obtaining a result at least as extreme as the one observed, assuming that the null hypothesis is true.

Front

What does it mean to reject the null hypothesis?

Back

Rejecting the null hypothesis means that there is sufficient evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

Front

What does it mean to fail to reject the null hypothesis?

Back

Failing to reject the null hypothesis means that there is not enough evidence to support the alternative hypothesis.

Front

What is the significance level (α)?

Back

The significance level (α) is the threshold for determining whether to reject the null hypothesis, commonly set at 0.05 or 0.01.

Front

What is a Type I error?

Back

A Type I error occurs when the null hypothesis is true, but we incorrectly reject it.

Front

What is a Type II error?

Back

A Type II error occurs when the null hypothesis is false, but we fail to reject it.

Front

What does it mean if the p-value is less than α?

Back

If the p-value is less than α, we reject the null hypothesis.

Front

What does it mean if the p-value is greater than or equal to α?

Back

If the p-value is greater than or equal to α, we fail to reject the null hypothesis.

Front

What is the null hypothesis (H0)?

Back

The null hypothesis (H0) is a statement that there is no effect or no difference, and it serves as the default assumption in hypothesis testing.

Front

What is the alternative hypothesis (Ha)?

Back

The alternative hypothesis (Ha) is a statement that indicates the presence of an effect or a difference.