Biology EOC Reporting Category 2 Vocab

Recombinant DNA

• DNA molecules formed by laboratory methods of genetic recombination to bring together genetic material from multiple sources.

• A type of DNA that is naturally occurring in organisms.

• DNA that is only found in viruses and bacteria.

• A synthetic form of DNA used in gene therapy.

Diploid

• A cell or organism that has paired chromosomes, one from each parent.

• A cell that contains only one set of chromosomes.

• An organism that reproduces asexually.

• A type of cell division that results in four daughter cells.

Synthesis

• The process of breaking down chemical compounds into simpler materials.

• The production of chemical compounds by reaction from simpler materials.

• The combination of two or more elements to form a compound.

• The study of chemical reactions and their rates.

Polypeptide

• A polymer of amino acids joined together by peptide bonds.

• A type of carbohydrate made of sugar molecules.

• A lipid molecule that stores energy.

• A nucleic acid that carries genetic information.

Insertion

• A mutation involving the deletion of one or more nucleotide pairs from a gene.

• A mutation involving the substitution of one nucleotide pair in a gene.

• A mutation involving the addition of one or more nucleotide pairs to a gene.

• A mutation that has no effect on the protein produced by the gene.

Nondisjunction

• A type of genetic mutation that occurs during DNA replication.

• An error in meiosis or mitosis where chromosomes fail to separate properly.

• A process that leads to the formation of gametes with an abnormal number of chromosomes.

• A method of gene therapy used to correct genetic disorders.

Cloning

• The process of producing genetically identical individuals.

• A method of creating diverse genetic variations.

• A technique for enhancing genetic mutations.

• The study of genetic inheritance patterns.

Gene mutation

• A temporary change in the DNA sequence of a gene.

• A permanent alteration in the DNA sequence that makes up a gene.

• A process that repairs damaged DNA sequences.

• A type of genetic recombination that occurs during meiosis.

Dihybrid cross

• A cross between two different lines/genes that differ in two observed traits.

• A cross between two individuals that differ in one trait.

• A genetic cross involving three traits.

• A cross between two homozygous individuals.

Protein

• Large molecules composed of one or more long chains of amino acids, essential for all living organisms.

• Small molecules that provide energy to cells.

• Simple sugars that are used for quick energy.

• Fatty acids that are important for cell membranes.