What role does the judicial branch play when legislative laws are unclear?

They provide an interpretation of the law

They defer to executive decisions

What was significant about the Justinian Code in Roman legal history?

It was the first written legal code

It eliminated Family prosecution

It created international legal standards

What makes the court system effective in a democracy?

Public confidence in its fairness and impartiality

Frequent changes in judicial personnel

What is the primary function of trial courts?

To determine the guilt or innocence of a defendant

To create laws for our nation to follow

To enforce the laws that passed by the executive branch

To provide legal advice to the masses

Which of the following best describes original jurisdiction?

The authority of a court to hear a case for the first time.

The ability of a court to enforce laws and regulations.

The power of a court to review decisions made by lower courts.

The jurisdiction of a court to hear appeals from other courts.

In an adversarial system, what role does the judge primarily serve?

The judge serves as a neutral arbiter or a referee.

The judge represents the interests of the state.

The judge acts as a prosecutor.

The judge decides the case without any evidence.

What is the role of a plaintiff in a civil trial?

The role of a plaintiff in a civil trial is to initiate the lawsuit and seek a legal remedy.

To represent the defendant in court of law. Hopefully, obtaining their freedom

To provide witness testimony for the trial court case going on

What is a plea bargain?

A plea bargain is a legal agreement in which a defendant pleads guilty to a lesser charge to receive a reduced sentence.

A plea bargain is a formal trial where the defendant is found guilty.

A plea bargain is an agreement to dismiss all charges against the defendant.

A plea bargain is a negotiation for a new trial date without any charges.

What is the significance of a grand jury?

A grand jury ensures there is sufficient evidence to charge someone with a crime.

A grand jury is responsible for sentencing convicted criminals.

A grand jury conducts the trial in front of a judge.

A grand jury decides the final verdict of a trial.

How does serving on a jury empower citizens?

Serving on a jury empowers citizens by involving them in the legal process and allowing them to influence justice. Their Direct Role

It provides a platform for personal grievances.

It allows citizens to avoid legal responsibilities.

It guarantees a financial reward for participation.

Which of the following is NOT a requirement to serve on a jury?

Must be a resident of the state

What is the primary difference between an adversarial and an inquisitorial trial system?

The primary difference is that adversarial systems focus on competition between parties, whereas inquisitorial systems emphasize the judge's role in investigating the case.

Adversarial systems are used only in criminal cases, whereas inquisitorial systems are used in civil cases.

Inquisitorial systems allow for more public participation than adversarial systems.

Adversarial systems rely solely on jury decisions, while inquisitorial systems do not use juries.

What is the primary focus of appellate courts when reviewing a case?

Reviewing legal errors in the application of law and procedures that took place during a trial court.

Re-evaluating the facts of the case in detail.

Determining the guilt or innocence of the defendant.

Conducting a new trial with witnesses and evidence.

What is an 'Error of Law' in a legal context?

An 'Error of Law' is a mistake made by a judge in interpreting or applying the law.

A mistake made by a lawyer in drafting a contract.

An error made by a witness during testimony.

A procedural error in filing court documents.

What constitutional amendments protect defendants' rights during legal proceedings?

Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments

Eighth Amendment and Tenth Amendment

First Amendment and Fifth Amendment

Second, Third, and fourth Amendments

What does 'Stare Decisis' mean in legal terminology?

Stare Decisis means to stand by things decided.

A method for resolving disputes without a trial.

A legal term for overturning previous rulings.

A principle that allows for new interpretations of law.

In an appeals court, what unique characteristic distinguishes it from a trial court?

No witnesses or juries, only lawyers and judges

Ability to retry the entire case

Ability to introduce new evidence

What are the possible outcomes when an appeals court reviews a case?

Uphold, reverse, or send back to lower courts

Only uphold or reverse the original decision

What is a 'Precedent' in legal terms?

A precedent is a legal case that establishes a principle or rule for future cases.

A precedent is a legal term for a witness in a trial.

A precedent is a law that is enforced by the government.

A precedent is a type of legal document used in court.

What is the primary purpose of Procedural Due Process?

To prevent arbitrary and unreasonable decisions

To eliminate the need for evidence in trials.

To provide legal representation for all individuals.

To ensure swift legal outcomes for cases.

When can a case typically be appealed?

When the losing party can claim the trial court did not apply the law correctly or fairly

In every case automatically after the lose it

Only when new evidence is discovered in a court case that the defendant lost

Only in criminal cases where the defendant lose the argument.

What determines whether an error of law will result in reversing a trial court's decision?

An error of law must affect the outcome of the case to result in a reversal.

An error of law is always reversible regardless of its impact.

An error of law must be intentional to result in a reversal.

An error of law can only be reversed if it is identified during the trial.

Which characteristic best describes the fundamental purpose of federal courts in the United States?

To serve as constitutional guardians with limited jurisdiction

To handle all criminal cases nationwide

To replace state court systems entirely

To manage local traffic violations

How are federal judges typically selected for their positions?

Federal judges are nominated by the President and confirmed by the Senate.

Federal judges are appointed by state governors.

Federal judges are selected through a lottery system.

Federal judges are elected by the public.

What distinguishes state courts from federal courts in terms of jurisdiction?

State courts have general jurisdiction and can hear a wide variety of cases

State courts have limited jurisdiction

Federal courts can hear all types of legal cases, especially traffic cases

Federal courts have general jurisdiction and can hear a wide variety of cases

Approximately how many cases do state court systems handle annually?

Approximately 103 million cases

Approximately 150 million cases

What is the primary function of federal Circuit Courts of Appeals?

To review and determine the legal correctness of district court decisions

To conduct initial trials for the United States Supreme Court and make sure they are worth it

To create new laws at the federal level.

To handle cases involving international treaties.

Which statement best describes local courts in the U.S. judicial system?

They are the closest point of contact between citizens and the judicial system

They handle complex legal cases that require a lot of work to process

They are the most formal court system, handle high end cases that consume a lot of resources

They exclusively manage federal law cases that the district courts do not want to handle

How are state court judges typically selected?

Through four different methods including election and appointment

Exclusively by presidential appointment

Only through legislative election that require the approval of the governor of the state

Randomly selected from the population, as long as they have met the requirements

Which branch of government plays a crucial role in removing federal judges?

Congress through impeachment procedures

Executive branch at the request of the President and the Attorney General

Judicial branch at the request of the Supreme Court

State legislatures which is a grueling process that is conducted throughout the fifty states

What is the definition for law?

The set of rules and standards by which a society governs itself.

Law is a suggestion for behavior.

Law is a personal opinion on morality.

Law is a guideline for social gatherings.

What was the important basis for American law?

International treaties and agreements.

Local ordinances and regulations.

Judicial opinions and case law.

Why do we agree to guidelines for our behavior in the United States?

To protect our Pursuit of Happiness

To promote individualism and personal freedom.

To establish a hierarchy of power and control.

To encourage competition and economic growth.

What are the two types of cases that can be heard in trial court?

Commercial cases and environmental cases

Traffic cases and probate cases

Family cases and administrative cases

How can a civil incident be solved without going to court?

Seek a public apology from the other party

Chapter 13 Study Guide Civics

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