Glycolysis and Gluconeogenesis

The process of breaking down a glucose molecule to release energy is called ___________.

• Glycogenolysis

• Gluconeogenesis

• Glycolysis

• Hydrolysis

Based on the ΔG values given in the table below for the reactions of glycolysis, which reactions are near-equilibrium and which are far-from-equilibrium? The steps are numbered 1-10 for convenience.

• Steps 1, 3, and 10 are far-from-equilibrium; others are near-equilibrium.

• Steps 2, 4, and 9 are far-from-equilibrium; others are near-equilibrium.

• Steps 5, 6, and 7 are far-from-equilibrium; others are near-equilibrium.

• Steps 8, 9, and 10 are far-from-equilibrium; others are near-equilibrium.

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Use Model 1 to determine the number of ATP you get from the conversion of 1 glucose to pyruvate. To do this, answer the following questions: How many ATP are used? At which steps? How many ATP are produced?

• 2 ATP are used, 4 ATP are produced

• 2 ATP is used, 3 ATP are produced

• 2 ATP are used, 2 ATP are produced

• 2 ATP are used, 2 ATP are produced

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

Examine Model 1. The last 5 steps of glycolysis (6-10) are considered the “Pay-off Phase.” Considering the information in Model 1 and your answer to Question #2, why do you think this term is used to describe them?

• Because ATP is produced in these steps.

• Because glucose is broken down in these steps.

• Because these steps require energy input.

• Because these steps occur in the mitochondria.

Tags

NGSS.HS-LS1-7

NAD⁺ is involved in the mechanism in Model 2 at which point of the reaction and what does it do?

• At the beginning of the reaction, it acts as a catalyst.

• In the middle of the reaction, it acts as an oxidizing agent.

• At the end of the reaction, it acts as a reducing agent.

• It is not involved in the reaction.

Is NAD⁺ oxidized or reduced during glycolysis? What is its redox partner?

• reduced; NADH

• oxidized; NADP+

• reduced; NAD

• oxidized; NADPH

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-2

What do you think is different in the cell that causes the changes to the ΔG?

• The concentration of reactants and products

• The temperature of the cell

• The pressure inside the cell

• The presence of a catalyst

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-5

Where does the pyruvate produced by glycolysis go?

• It enters the citric acid cycle in the mitochondria.

• It is converted into glucose in the liver.

• It is stored as glycogen in muscles.

• It is excreted from the body.

Compare the reactions of glycolysis (Model 1) to those of gluconeogenesis (Model 3). Gluconeogenesis is often said to be the reverse of glycolysis, but it isn’t really. Which steps are different in gluconeogenesis?

• The conversion of glucose to glucose-6-phosphate

• The conversion of fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose-6-phosphate

• The conversion of phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate

• The conversion of 3-phosphoglycerate to 2-phosphoglycerate

Tags

NGSS.HS-PS1-4

Given the ΔG values for the reactions in glycolysis, which steps are the ones that differ between the two pathways?

• The steps with the most negative ΔG values

• The steps with the most positive ΔG values

• The steps with ΔG values close to zero

• All steps have the same ΔG values