William the Conqueror secured his rule over England after what event?

• the Second Irish Revolt

• King Harold named William his successor

• the Battle of Hastings

• the Pope crowned him King of England

The idea of common law began in England under what king?

• Richard

• Henry II

• William III

• Harold

The creation of the Magna Carta in England was prompted by what?

• the death of King Richard in the Crusades

• abuses of royal power by King John

• a crisis in papal succession

• peasant revolts following a famine

Why did England and France fight in the Hundred Years War?

• English kings wanted to enforce their claims on the French lands they had inherited.

• The Pope refused to settle the dispute.

• English kings refused to enforce Catholicism in their French lands.

• It took a hundred years to reclaim the Holy Land.

Which famous French hero helped instill French nationalism during the Hundred Years War?

• Napoleon

• Joan of Arc

• Lafayette

• King Louis VII

The monarchy that came to rule medieval France was founded by who?

• Charlemagne

• Henry Plantagenet

• Hugh Capet

• Innocent III

Ferdinand and Isabella united Spain by defeating who?

• Muslims

• English

• Romans

• French

Spain became the most powerful nation in Europe under Phillip II as a result of what?

• its large empire in the Americas

• its new position as the Defender of the Catholic Church

• its many wars with France and England

• its conquests in the Final Crusade

Who consolidated what became the modern Russian state?

• Alexander I

• Peter the Great

• Genghis Khan

• Ivan III

Who had a major influence on the unification of the Russian state?

• Pope Urban II

• Kublai Khan

• the Orthodox Church

• the Caliph of Baghdad