The pericardium around the heart is responsible for

• opening and closing the heart valves

• creating the heartbeat

• reducing friction around the heart

• bringing oxygen in from the lungs

The real work of the heart contractions is done by which layer?

• epicardium

• pericardium

• endocardium

• myocardium

The human cardiovascular system has two loops. Which loop takes blood from the heart to the body tissues and back?

• pulmonary loop

• coronary loop

• systemic loop

• systolic loop

Which type of blood vessel contains blood at the highest pressure?

• veins

• arteries

• capillaries

• shunts

Blood passes from the legs into the _______ vena cava and then into the ____________.

• inferior, right atrium

• inferior, left atrium

• superior, right atrium

• superior, left atrium

The major blood vessel that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart is the

• vena cava

• aorta

• pulmonary artery

• pulmonary vein

An embolus is a free-floating clot while a thrombus is attached.

• True

• False

Which of the following is the correct sequence for the intrinsic conduction system?

• SA node → AV node → AV bundles → Purkinje fibers → bundle branches

• AV node → AV bundles → SA node → bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

• AV node → AV bundles → Purkinje fibers → bundle branches → SA node

• SA node → AV node → AV bundles → bundle branches → Purkinje fibers

Which of the following chambers of the heart are involved in the “ejection phase” of the cardiac cycle?

• right atrium and left atrium

• right ventricle and left ventricle

• right atrium and right ventricle

• left atrium and left ventricle

Which is the correct formula for calculating cardiac output?

• cardiac output = stroke volume + heart rate

• cardiac output = stroke volume – heart rate

• cardiac output = stroke volume x heart rate

• cardiac output = stroke volume/heart rate