P2 of cogs

The principle of compositionality in cognition means:

• Cognitive tasks are completed by separate hemispheres

• Complex thoughts are formed by combining simpler constituents

• Emotions can override logic in decision-making

• Words have no intrinsic meaning

Systematicity refers to the idea that:

• Grammar rules are memorized individually

• If one can think a thought, one can think systematically unrelated ones

• Related concepts are cognitively linked and transferable

• Neural networks store entire sentences at once

What is the “symbol grounding problem”?

• The inability of AI systems to form grammatical sentences

• The challenge of mapping physical symbols to their semantic meaning without external interpretation

• The limitation of syntax-based programming

• The reason why AI can’t store mental imagery

“Original intentionality” is different from “derived intentionality” because:

• It is programmed by humans

• It depends on syntax

• It arises from internal, biological or experiential processes

• It refers to artificial systems only

The “frame problem” in AI refers to:

• How to encode spatial boundaries in memory

• How to limit what knowledge is relevant in a changing environment

• Framing moral dilemmas computationally

• Visual processing challenges in edge detection

Which of the following is not a proposed solution to the frame problem?

• Heuristics

• Encapsulation

• Infinite regress

• Sampling

What was the significance of Marr and Horn’s “shape-from-shading” theory?

• It proved the visual system doesn’t need light

• It showed how surface curvature can be recovered from light patterns

• It introduced color constancy

• It modeled binocular depth using sound

How did psychophysics help develop cognitive science?

• By showing that mental imagery cannot be measured

• By quantifying how perception fails under stress and ambiguity

• By eliminating the need for neural data

• By comparing behavior across species

Why do children use structure-dependent rules when forming questions?

• They memorize the word order of every sentence

• They apply statistical frequency of words

• They infer hierarchical rules rather than linear ones

• They are corrected by adults

Which example illustrates a linear rule failure in question formation?

• Moving the first auxiliary regardless of sentence structure

• Repeating a noun at the start

• Adding new words arbitrarily

• Deleting the object of the verb