Gases Vocabulary: Module 12, Inspire Chemistry

Standard temperature and pressure (STP)

• zero degrees Celsius and 1 atm

• 25 degrees Celsius and 1 atm

• 0 degrees Fahrenheit and 1 atm

• 100 degrees Celsius and 1 atm

Boyle's Law

• The volume of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with pressure.

• The volume of a fixed amount of gas held at a constant temperature varies inversely with pressure.

• The pressure of a gas increases as the temperature decreases.

• The volume of a gas is independent of pressure.

Ideal gas constant (R)

• A constant that is always equal to 8.314 J/(mol·K)

• An experimentally determined constant whose value in the ideal gas equation depends on the unit that is used for pressure

• A variable that changes with temperature and pressure

• A fixed value that applies to all gases regardless of conditions

Gay-Lussac's Law

• The pressure of a fixed amount of gas varies directly with Kelvin temperature when volume is kept constant.

• The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature when pressure is constant.

• The pressure of a gas decreases as its volume increases at constant temperature.

• The temperature of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure when volume is constant.

absolute zero

• The highest possible temperature that can be achieved.

• The lowest possible theoretical temperature; all atoms are in the lowest possible energy state.

• A temperature at which water freezes.

• A temperature at which all chemical reactions cease.

Combined Gas Law

• States the relationships between pressure, temperature and volume of a fixed amount of gas

• Describes the behavior of gases under varying conditions of pressure and temperature

• Explains the ideal gas behavior at high pressures

• Relates the density of a gas to its temperature and pressure

Charles's Law

• The volume of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to its temperature, provided the pressure remains constant.

• The volume of a gas decreases as its temperature increases at constant pressure.

• The pressure of a gas increases as its volume decreases at constant temperature.

• The temperature of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant pressure.

Avogadro's Principle

• Equal volumes of gases, at the same temperature and pressure, contain an equal number of molecules.

• The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature at constant pressure.

• The pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume at constant temperature.

• The number of molecules in a gas is independent of its volume.

Ideal Gas Law

• A relation between the pressure, volume, temperature, and number of moles of a gas, expressed as PV=nRT.

• A formula that calculates the density of a gas based on its mass and volume.

• An equation that describes the behavior of solids under pressure.

• A principle that states that gas particles are in constant motion and collide with each other.

Molar Volume

• The volume of one mole at zero degrees C and 1 atm

• The volume of two moles at room temperature and 2 atm

• The volume of one mole at 25 degrees C and 1 atm

• The volume of one mole at zero degrees C and 2 atm