Biomolecules and Cell Structures EOC Review

Which of the following statements best explains how the structure of carbohydrates is related to their function in organisms?

• Carbohydrates are composed of long chains of amino acids, which help in building proteins.

• Carbohydrates are made of sugar units that can be easily broken down to provide energy.

• Carbohydrates are composed of fatty acids, which store energy.

• Carbohydrates are made of nucleotides, which store genetic information.

Identify the role(s) of lipids in organisms. Select all that apply

• Lipids provide long-term energy storage

• Lipids act as enzymes to speed up biochemical reactions.

• Phospholipids form a bilayer in the cell membrane that acts as a barrier to protect the cell.

• Lipids are involved in the transport of genetic information.

Explain the significance of protein folding in its function.

• Protein folding determines the sequence of amino acids.

• Protein folding affects the protein's ability to interact with other molecules.

• Protein folding is unrelated to its function.

• Protein folding only affects the protein's color.

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Which of the following best describes the structural difference between DNA and RNA? Select all that apply.

• DNA contains the sugar Deoxyribose, while RNA contains the sugar Ribose

• DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

• DNA is double-stranded, while RNA is single-stranded.

• DNA and RNA have identical structures.

How does temperature influence enzyme activity?

• Higher temperatures always increase enzyme activity.

• Lower temperatures always increase enzyme activity.

• Extreme temperatures can denature enzymes, reducing their activity.

• Temperature has no effect on enzyme activity.

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Abigail and Benjamin are conducting a science experiment to investigate the effect of pH on enzyme activity. Choose the best experimental design for them from the choices below.

• Use a single pH level and measure enzyme activity.

• Use multiple pH levels and measure enzyme activity at each level.

• Use a single enzyme and measure its activity without changing pH.

• Use multiple enzymes and measure their activity at a single pH level.

Which cell organelle is primarily responsible for protein synthesis?

• Nucleus

• Ribosome

• Golgi complex

• Cytoskeleton

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How do prokaryotic cells meet their life needs without a nucleus?

• They use a different type of DNA that does not require a nucleus.

• Their DNA is located in the cytoplasm, allowing direct access for cellular processes.

• They do not have DNA.

• They rely on eukaryotic cells to perform necessary functions.

What is the primary function of the Golgi complex in a cell?

• Energy production

• Protein modification and transport

• DNA replication

• Lipid synthesis

Select ALL Correct statements regarding animal cells and plant cells.

• Both have cell walls and chloroplasts.

• Animal cells have mitochondria, while plant cells do not.

• Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts, while animal cells do not.

• Animal cells usually have a roundish shape, while plant cells are more rigid.

• Both have ribosomes.

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