AP Psychology Unit 2.1 and 2.2 Review

Aiden is walking through a forest and notices the sound of birds chirping, the rustling of leaves, and the smell of pine. These sensory cues help him to form a perception. What is this an example of?

• Top-Down Processing

• Bottom-Up Processing

• Gestalt Cognition

• Memoryless Memories

Which of the following is an example of Top-Down Processing?

• Perception based on sensory data

• Perception influenced by expectations

• Perception without prior knowledge

• Perception that ignores past experiences

What is Perceptual Set?

• The influence of cultural background

• A predisposition to perceive something in a particular way

• The ability to focus on specific stimuli

• The tendency to fill in gaps to create a whole object

What are Context Effects?

• The influence of environmental cues on perception

• The ability to perceive objects as unchanging

• The tendency to group similar objects

• The ability to distinguish figure from ground

How does Cultural Influence affect perception?

• By shaping how individuals interpret sensory information

• By creating a predisposition to perceive something

• By influencing the ability to focus on specific stimuli

• By causing failure to notice large changes in a scene

Perceptual Constancy is best described as the perception of objects as (a)   despite changes in sensory input.

• stable
• incomplete
• auditory
• contextual

Emma is looking at a picture where a vase is placed in front of a patterned wallpaper. Which Gestalt principle would explain her first noticing/seeing the vase?

• similarity

• figure-ground

• proximity

• transference

What is the Gestalt principle of Proximity?

• The tendency to perceive objects as unchanging

• The ability to distinguish figure from ground

• The tendency to perceive objects that are close together as belonging to a group

• The tendency to group similar objects

Benjamin and Avery are hiking in the mountains. They notice that the distant mountains appear hazy and less clear compared to the nearby trees. What does this illustrate in terms of Relative Clarity in monocular depth cues?

• Objects that appear clearer are perceived as closer

• Objects that appear larger are perceived as closer

• Objects with more detailed texture appear farther

• Objects that partially block others are perceived as farther away

What is the principle of Linear Perspective?

• Objects that appear clearer are perceived as closer

• Parallel lines appear to converge as they get farther away

• Objects with more detailed texture appear farther

• Objects that partially block others are perceived as farther away