DNA Structure and Replication Terms

Small building block of a bigger molecule (amino acids to protein; saccharide to carbs, etc.)

• Polymer

• Monomer

• Dimer

• Trimer

Type of macromolecule; made of amino acids; virtually everything in and on the human body

• Carbohydrate

• Lipid

• Nucleic Acid

• Protein

Coiled DNA; in the nucleus; contains genes; humans have 46 in body cells, 23 in gametes

• Chromosome

• Gene

• DNA

• Nucleus

Process of copying DNA to make two identical strands

• Replication

• Transcription

• Translation

• Mutation

Sides of the DNA ladder; made of alternating sugars and phosphates

• Backbone

• Rungs

• Base pairs

• Helix

New cell made after cell division; used for growth and repair

• Parent cell

• Stem cell

• Daughter cell

• Progenitor cell

Nitrogen base that pairs with adenine

• Cytosine

• Thymine

• Guanine

• Uracil

Flow of genetic information: DNA → RNA → Protein; proteins lead to traits

• Central Dogma

• Gene Theory

• Evolutionary Theory

• Cell Theory

To make an exact copy; result of DNA replication; daughter cells

• Duplicated

• Replicated

• Copied

• Transcribed

Location where DNA is stored

• Cytoplasm

• Ribosome

• Nucleus

• Mitochondria