Attribution Theory and Person Perception

When Jamie assumes her classmate failed a test because they are lazy, but excuses her own failure due to being sick, she is demonstrating:

• Fundamental attribution error

• Actor-observer bias

• Self-serving bias

• Dispositional attribution

• In-group bias

Which of the following best illustrates the fundamental attribution error?

• Believing you passed a test because of your hard work

• Assuming a stranger who yells at a cashier is naturally rude

• Justifying a poor performance due to lack of sleep

• Thinking people from another culture are less competent

• Feeling resentful after hearing your coworker earns more

Which of the following is an example of a pessimistic explanatory style?

• I failed the test, but I’ll do better next time.

• I failed because I didn’t study enough this time.

• I failed because I’m just bad at everything.

• I failed because the teacher is unfair.

• I failed, but I know others did too.

The self-fulfilling prophecy is best demonstrated when:

• You believe a friend is dishonest and avoid them, leading them to lie out of resentment.

• You believe your teacher dislikes you and thus fail their class.

• You are treated unfairly due to your social group.

• You see someone often and grow to like them.

• You feel worse about your performance after comparing yourself to others.

Which of the following best represents relative deprivation?

• Feeling grateful after seeing someone in worse circumstances

• Being disappointed with your grade after seeing others did better

• Feeling left out in a group you don’t identify with

• Feeling close to others from your culture

• Feeling inspired by others' success

Which of the following is an example of implicit attitude?

• Openly saying you dislike a certain group

• Consciously choosing not to vote for a candidate

• Subconsciously feeling uncomfortable around someone from another culture

• Supporting a cause because of peer pressure

• Making a donation because it’s expected of you

The just-world phenomenon contributes most directly to:

• Belief perseverance

• Cognitive dissonance

• Victim blaming

• Stereotype threat

• Social facilitation

According to belief perseverance, people are likely to:

• Let go of a belief when presented with new evidence

• Modify their belief to match their actions

• Maintain their belief even when faced with contradictory evidence

• Develop stronger beliefs through exposure

• Ignore beliefs in favor of group consensus

A person who thinks, “People from that city are all rude” is demonstrating:

• In-group bias

• Social loafing

• Out-group homogeneity bias

• Stereotype threat

• Belief perseverance

When a person justifies continuing a bad habit despite knowing it's harmful, they are likely trying to reduce:

• Relative deprivation

• Stereotype threat

• Cognitive dissonance

• In-group bias

• Implicit attitudes