11 ATAR Psych neural plasticity (chapter 4) quiz

Neural plasticity

• Ability of neural connections to grow & reorganise

• The process of neural degeneration

• A type of neural disorder

• The fixed nature of neural pathways

Amygdala

• Collection of nuclei within each temporal lobe that plays a role in emotional response & the immediate behavioural reactions as a response to emotion

• A part of the brain responsible for regulating sleep patterns

• A structure in the brain that primarily processes visual information

• A region of the brain involved in motor control and coordination

Migration

• Movement of neurons in the brain

• Movement of blood cells in the body

• Movement of air in the lungs

• Movement of muscles during contraction

Developmental plasticity

• Ability of neural connections to reorganise in response to sensory input from the environment

• The process by which neurons die off during development

• A fixed pattern of neural connections established at birth

• The ability of the brain to grow new neurons throughout life

Proliferation

• Growth & division of cells leading to increase in total cell number

• Reduction in cell size and number

• Process of cell death and apoptosis

• Movement of cells from one location to another

Synaptogenesis

• Electrochemical messages sent between neurons forming connections

• The process of neuron death and regeneration

• The formation of new neurons from stem cells

• The release of neurotransmitters into the bloodstream

Synaptic pruning

• Increase in the number of neurons allowing more neural connections to form

• Reduction in the number of neurons allowing remaining neural connections to strengthen

• Complete elimination of all neural connections in the brain

• Formation of new neurons in response to learning

Adaptive plasticity

• Ability of neural connections to reorganise in response to learning new info, or to compensate for lost functions & take advantage of remaining functions

• The process by which the brain loses connections over time due to lack of use

• A method of enhancing memory retention through repetitive practice

• The ability to form new neural connections without any external stimuli

Prefrontal cortex

• Front layer of the frontal lobes that coordinates executive functions

• Part of the brain responsible for visual processing

• Region involved in auditory perception

• Area that regulates motor control and coordination

Myelination

• Growth of myelin over axons of neurons

• Increase in neuron size

• Formation of synapses between neurons

• Reduction of electrical resistance in neurons