8th Grade Earth and Space Science Concepts

What happens at convergent boundaries?

• Plates move apart, creating new crust.

• Plates slide past each other, causing earthquakes.

• Plates crash into each other, forming mountain ranges, ocean trenches, and volcanic arcs.

• Plates float on the mantle, leading to volcanic activity.

What is the lithosphere?

• The lithosphere is the outermost layer of the Earth, consisting of the crust and upper mantle, broken into tectonic plates.

• The lithosphere is a layer of liquid rock beneath the Earth's surface.

• The lithosphere is the gaseous envelope surrounding the Earth.

• The lithosphere is a layer of solid iron located at the Earth's core.

What is dark matter?

• A type of visible matter that can be seen with telescopes.

• Matter that emits light and can be detected directly.

• Invisible matter detected through its gravitational effects.

• A form of energy that powers the universe.

What is the inner core compared to in the text?

• The ultimate jawbreaker center that never dissolves.

• A soft marshmallow center that melts away.

• A hard candy shell that breaks easily.

• A chocolate truffle that is filled with cream.

What happens at transform boundaries?

• At transform boundaries, plates slide past each other, often causing earthquakes.

• At transform boundaries, plates move away from each other, creating new crust.

• At transform boundaries, plates collide, leading to the formation of mountains.

• At transform boundaries, plates sink into the mantle, causing volcanic activity.

What are black holes?

• Cosmic objects with gravity so strong that not even light can escape.

• Massive stars that have exploded in supernovae.

• Regions in space where time stands still.

• Objects that emit more light than any star.

What happens at divergent boundaries?

• Plates move apart, forming new crust, mid-ocean ridges, and rift valleys.

• Plates collide, causing earthquakes and mountain formation.

• Plates slide past each other, leading to friction and volcanic activity.

• Plates sink into the mantle, resulting in subduction zones.

What process creates Earth's magnetic field?

• The geodynamo process in the outer core creates Earth's magnetic field.

• The tectonic shift process in the mantle creates Earth's magnetic field.

• The solar wind interaction with the atmosphere creates Earth's magnetic field.

• The gravitational pull from the moon creates Earth's magnetic field.

What is the outer core made of?

• Solid rock, primarily basalt

• Liquid metal, mostly iron and nickel

• Gaseous elements, mainly hydrogen and helium

• Frozen ice, primarily water

What are igneous rocks?

• Rocks that form from the compression of sediments.

• Rocks that form when magma cools and solidifies.

• Rocks that are formed by the metamorphism of existing rocks.

• Rocks that are formed from the evaporation of water.