CH17: VOCABULARY NONRENEWABLE ENERGY

Kinetic energy

• the energy produced by motion

• the energy stored in an object at rest

• the energy of an object due to its temperature

• the energy released during a chemical reaction

Electricity

• the energy produced by the flow and interaction of electrons

• a type of renewable energy source

• the process of generating heat through friction

• the movement of water in rivers and streams

Strip mining

• a type of mining in which layers of surface soil and rock are removed from large areas to expose the resource

• a method of mining that involves drilling deep into the earth to extract minerals

• a technique used to mine underwater resources

• a process of extracting minerals by tunneling underground

Nuclear energy

• the energy that holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus of an atom

• the energy released during chemical reactions

• the energy produced by the movement of electrons

• the energy generated by the sun's fusion process

Meltdown

• the accidental melting of the uranium fuel rods inside the core of a nuclear reactor, causing the release of radiation

• a controlled reaction in a nuclear reactor that generates electricity

• the process of cooling down a nuclear reactor after it has been shut down

• the safe disposal of nuclear waste materials

Oil shale

• rock that contains hydrocarbons; can be burned directly or processed to extract liquid petroleum

• a type of fossil fuel formed from ancient marine organisms

• a sedimentary rock primarily composed of quartz and clay

• a mineral used in the production of glass and ceramics

Acid drainage

• (A) the acid and the metals it causes to leach from rock that seep into groundwater or enter streams and lakes as runoff

• (B) the sulfuric acid produced when sulfide minerals in exposed rock surfaces react with oxygen and rainwater to produce sulfuric acid

• (C) the process of neutralizing acid in soil to improve crop yield

• (D) the accumulation of heavy metals in aquatic environments due to industrial waste

Renewable energy

• an energy resource that is readily available or that can be replaced in a relatively short time; includes wind, moving water, the sun’s heat, and wood

• a type of energy that is derived from fossil fuels and is not sustainable

• energy that is produced from nuclear reactions and is non-renewable

• energy that is generated from the combustion of coal and oil

Subsurface mining

• a type of mining that involves extracting resources from the surface of the earth

• a type of mining in which vertical shafts are dug deep into the ground and networks of horizontal tunnels are dug or blasted out to follow deposits of a resource

• a method of mining that uses large machinery to remove soil and rock layers

• a technique that involves the use of explosives to extract minerals from the earth's crust

Oil sands

• a deposit of moist sand and clay that can be mined to extract bitumen, an oil-rich hydrocarbon

• a type of crude oil found in deep ocean beds

• a natural gas reserve located in shale formations

• a renewable energy source derived from plant materials