PRACTICE: AP Biology B Final Exam Part 2

The human liver begins to develop in the embryo approximately 50 days after fertilization. The liver begins as a collection of hepatoblasts that surround the portal mesenchyme. These hepatoblasts develop into hepatocytes by 30 weeks, as shown in the diagram. Which of these statements best describes what would occur if hepatoblasts were not present in the developing liver?

• Neither the portal vein nor the bile duct would develop.

• Both the portal vein and the bile duct would still develop.

• The portal vein would not develop but the bile duct would still develop.

• The portal vein would still develop but the bile duct would not develop.

Polio is a type IV virus that is packaged as a plus strand RNA. After infecting cells, it is transcribed twice to express its proteins from mRNA, as shown in the diagram.

Polio patients are typically diagnosed using blood tests that look for an adaptive humoral response against the polio virus. Which of these techniques is most likely used by these tests?

• Cells in the blood are reactive toward polio DNA.

• Antibodies in the blood are reactive toward polio DNA.

• Cells in the blood are reactive toward polio capsid proteins.

• Antibodies in the blood are reactive toward polio capsid proteins.

The evolution of seeded angiosperms most closely followed the evolution of which of these species?

• insects, because many insects are pollinators

• reptiles, because many reptiles are pollinators

• insects, because many insects are camouflaged by flowers

• reptiles, because many reptiles are camouflaged by flowers

Horsetails are non-flowering vascular plants. During the sporophyte stage of a horsetail’s lifecycle, its spores are produced in the strobilus located at the top of the plant, as shown in the diagram.

Which statement, if true, would provide the best evidence that horsetails are an evolutionary link between mosses and flowering plants?

• Horsetail lifecycles are dominated by the sporophyte while moss lifecycles are dominated by the gametophyte.

• Horsetail lifecycles are dominated by the gametophyte while moss lifecycles are dominated by the sporophyte.

• Horsetail lifecycles are dominated by the sporophyte while angiosperm lifecycles are dominated by the gametophyte.

• Horsetail lifecycles are dominated by the gametophyte while angiosperm lifecycles are dominated by the sporophyte.

Polio is a type IV virus that is packaged as a plus strand RNA. After infecting cells, it is transcribed twice to express its proteins from mRNA, as shown in the diagram.

The relationship between the polio virus and humans is best described as

• predatory.

• parasitic.

• mutualistic.

• herbivorous.

Horsetails are non-flowering vascular plants. During the sporophyte stage of a horsetail’s lifecycle, its spores are produced in the strobilus located at the top of the plant, as shown in the diagram.

Scientists discover a new plant that might belong to the same genus as the horsetail. Which characteristic would provide the best evidence to support this hypothesis?

• The plant has the same color as the horsetail.

• The plant is the same height as the horsetail.

• The plant lives in the same niche as the horsetail.

• The plant has the same ribosomal genes as the horsetail.

Us Horsetails are non-flowering vascular plants. During the sporophyte stage of a horsetail's lifecycle, its spores are produced in the strobilus located at the top of the plant, as shown in the diagram. Horsetails often grow well in soil that hosts other plant species. Which factor should be analyzed to determine the ecological relationship between the horsetail and other species in its community?

• whether the horsetail evolved from other plants

• whether the horsetail harms other plants

• whether the horsetail produces flowers

• whether the horsetail produces spores

The human liver begins to develop in the embryo approximately 50 days after fertilization. The liver begins as a collection of hepatoblasts that surround the portal mesenchyme. These hepatoblasts develop into hepatocytes by 30 weeks, as shown in the diagram.

The portal vein brings blood from the intestines to the liver. Which statement is most likely true regarding the portal vein?

• It carries oxygenated blood at low pressure.

• It carries oxygenated blood at high pressure.

• It carries deoxygenated blood at low pressure.

• It carries deoxygenated blood at high pressure.

The complement cascade is an important component of immunity that causes the lysis of non-self-pathogens, as shown in the diagram. The complement cascade begins with the formation of a C1 complex that results in the irreversible hydrolysis of complement proteins to form an attack complex. The attack complex reduces the membrane integrity of foreign cells, resulting in lysis

The complement system is sometimes considered part of the adaptive immune system. Based on the diagram, which piece of evidence best supports this conclusion?

• The complement cascade lyses foreign cells.

• Antibodies are used in the formation of complex 1.

• Components of the complement cascade are cleaved into fragments.

• Hydrolyzed proteins are used in the formation of the attack complex.

Polio is a type IV virus that is packaged as a plus-strand RNA. After infecting cells, it is transcribed twice to express its proteins from mRNA, as shown in the diagram. Use the passage to answer the question. Many scientists do not consider the polio virus to be a living thing. Which statement, if true, would best support this conclusion?

• The virus cannot replicate outside a host cell.

• The virus cannot grow any larger than its protein capsid.

• The virus can accumulate mutations that are inherited by their progeny.

• The virus can alter its internal chemistry to respond to environmental stimuli.