AP Environmental Science: Unit 3 & 4 Test review

What is the difference between a Developed and Developing country?

• Developed countries have a higher income, advanced technological infrastructure, and a higher standard of living.

• Developed countries have lower income and less industrialization than Developing countries.

• Developed countries are primarily agricultural, while Developing countries are industrialized.

• Developed countries have a lower standard of living compared to Developing countries.

What is the significance of the water cycle?

• It is essential for the growth of plants only.

• It helps in the formation of clouds and precipitation.

• It is crucial for distributing water across the planet, supporting all forms of life, and regulating climate.

• It has no significant impact on the environment.

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What characterizes Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

• The birth rate is decreasing while the death rate remains high, leading to population decline.

• The death rate is decreasing while the birth rate remains high, leading to population growth.

• Both birth and death rates are low, resulting in a stable population.

• The birth rate is high and the death rate is low, causing rapid population decline.

What are the primary causes of deforestation?

• Agricultural expansion, logging, infrastructure development, and urbanization.

• Increased rainfall and natural disasters.

• Urban migration and population decline.

• Reduction in agricultural practices and reforestation efforts.

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What is the role of decomposers in an ecosystem?

• Decomposers break down dead organic matter, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem and maintaining soil health.

• Decomposers produce energy through photosynthesis for plants.

• Decomposers are primary consumers that feed on living plants.

• Decomposers create new organic matter from inorganic substances.

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Define ecological footprint.

• An ecological footprint measures the environmental impact of an individual or population, expressed as the amount of land and water area required to produce the resources consumed and absorb the waste generated.

• An ecological footprint is a measure of the total number of species in a given area.

• An ecological footprint refers to the total amount of carbon emissions produced by an individual or population.

• An ecological footprint is the measure of biodiversity in an ecosystem.

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Define the term 'habitat fragmentation.'

• A process where large habitats are divided into smaller, isolated patches, often due to human activities, which can threaten biodiversity.

• A method of increasing biodiversity by creating more habitats.

• A technique used to restore ecosystems by connecting fragmented habitats.

• A phenomenon where species adapt to urban environments without losing their natural behaviors.

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What is the greenhouse effect?

• The process by which certain gases in Earth's atmosphere trap heat, keeping the planet warm enough to support life.

• A phenomenon where the Earth loses heat to space, causing global cooling.

• The method by which plants convert sunlight into energy during photosynthesis.

• A type of pollution caused by excessive carbon emissions from vehicles.

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What primarily determines the texture of soil?

• The amount of organic matter in the soil.

• The size of the particles in the soil.

• The color of the soil.

• The moisture content of the soil.

What is the significance of biodiversity in ecosystems?

• Biodiversity enhances ecosystem productivity, stability, and resilience, allowing ecosystems to recover from disturbances.

• Biodiversity reduces the number of species in an ecosystem, leading to less competition.

• Biodiversity has no significant impact on ecosystem health or function.

• Biodiversity only benefits certain species, not the ecosystem as a whole.

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