The First Crusade (1096-1099) and The Second Crusade (1147-1149)

Who called for the First Crusade?

• Pope Urban II called it at the Council of Clermont

• King Richard the Lionheart called it at the Council of Clermont

• Saladin called it at the Council of Clermont

• Emperor Alexios I Komnenos called it at the Council of Clermont

What was the goal of the First Crusade?

• To help the Byzantine Empire fight the Seljuk Turks and reclaim Jerusalem

• To establish trade routes with Asia

• To conquer the Mongol Empire

• To spread the Black Death to Europe

What were the major victories?

• Jerusalem (1099)

• Vienna (1683)

• Hastings (1066)

• Agincourt (1415)

What event triggered the Second Crusade?

• The fall of the Crusader state of Edessa in 1144

• The capture of Jerusalem by Saladin in 1187

• The signing of the Magna Carta in 1215

• The excommunication of Frederick II in 1227

What was a major failure of the Second Crusade?

• The failed siege of Damascus in 1148

• The capture of Jerusalem in 1099

• The establishment of the Kingdom of Jerusalem

• The successful defense of Antioch

Was the Second Crusade successful?

• Yes

• No

What did the Second Crusade lead to?

• Strengthened Muslim forces and weakened Crusader morale

• The complete destruction of Muslim forces

• A peace treaty favoring the Crusaders

• The Crusaders capturing Jerusalem

What major event led to the Third Crusade? The capture of _______ by Saladin in 1187

• Jerusalem

• Rome

• Constantinople

• Antioch

Name the three kings who led the Third Crusade

• Richard, Philip, Frederick

• Richard, Louis, Charles

• Henry, Philip, Frederick

• Richard, John, Edward

What treaty ended the Third Crusade and what did it allow?

• Treaty of Jaffa (1192): Pilgrims allowed to visit Jerusalem

• Treaty of Tordesillas: Divided the New World between Spain and Portugal

• Treaty of Verdun: Divided the Carolingian Empire

• Treaty of Westphalia: Ended the Thirty Years' War