7.1 Review

What was one major reason European countries began to explore sea-based trade routes in the 1400s?

• To escape religious persecution

• To avoid high taxes from the Catholic Church

• To bypass land routes controlled by the Ottoman Empire

• To spread democracy to other parts of the world

What made the caravel an important technological advancement for European exploration?

• It was made of iron and could sail through ice

• It used steam power to travel quickly

• It was large enough to carry armies across oceans

• It had both square and triangular sails for speed and maneuverability

Which phrase best summarizes the motives behind European exploration?

• Spices, Safety, and Science

• Food, Faith, and Friendship

• God, Glory, and Gold

• Trade, Taxes, and Travel

How did Spain justify taking land from Indigenous peoples in the Americas?

• Spain bought the land from local rulers

• They were given permission by Indigenous leaders

• They used the Doctrine of Discovery, claiming land for Christian nations

• They believed Indigenous people had no real claim to land

Which European explorer accidentally landed in the Americas while trying to find a route to Asia?

• Vasco da Gama

• Ferdinand Magellan

• Jacques Cartier

• Christopher Columbus

Which two countries led early European exploration and colonization efforts?

• England and France

• Spain and Portugal

• Italy and the Netherlands

• Germany and Russia

How did colonization impact Indigenous populations of the Americas?

• They gained access to European medicines

• Their populations grew due to better trade

• They were largely unaffected

• They suffered from disease, forced labor, and cultural destruction