Biology State Test Review

What is a nucleotide?

• A type of protein that catalyzes biochemical reactions.

• The building block of nucleic acids, consisting of a sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base.

• A molecule that stores energy in cells.

• A carbohydrate that provides structural support in plant cells.

What is codominance in genetics?

• A condition where both traits are fully expressed, such as one brown eye and one blue eye.

• A genetic condition where one trait completely masks another trait.

• A situation where only one trait is expressed in the phenotype.

• A type of inheritance where traits blend together, like red and white flowers producing pink flowers.

What is the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

• Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells lack them.

• Prokaryotic cells are larger than eukaryotic cells.

• Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have them.

• Prokaryotic cells can perform photosynthesis, while eukaryotic cells cannot.

What gas is produced when fossil fuels are burned?

• Oxygen (O2)

• Nitrogen dioxide (NO2)

• Carbon monoxide (CO)

• Carbon dioxide (CO2)

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What is the purpose of the cell membrane?

• To provide structural support to the cell

• To control the movement of substances in and out of the cell

• To store genetic information

• To produce energy for the cell

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What is photosynthesis?

• The process by which green plants use sunlight to synthesize foods with the help of chlorophyll.

• A method of respiration in animals that involves oxygen consumption.

• The process of converting sunlight into electrical energy using solar panels.

• A chemical reaction that occurs in the dark to produce energy.

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What is the role of mitochondria in a cell?

• Mitochondria are responsible for protein synthesis.

• Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.

• Mitochondria help in the detoxification of harmful substances.

• Mitochondria are involved in the storage of genetic information.

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What is osmosis?

• The movement of solutes across a membrane.

• The diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.

• The active transport of ions against a concentration gradient.

• The process of cell division in eukaryotic cells.

Who is credited with naming cells?

• Robert Hooke

• Anton van Leeuwenhoek

• Louis Pasteur

• Gregor Mendel

What is the function of chloroplasts?

• Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.

• Chloroplasts store nutrients for the plant.

• Chloroplasts help in the absorption of water.

• Chloroplasts provide structural support to the plant.

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