Unit 5 Middle East Lesson 1 History of the Middle East

Aramaic

• A Semitic language that was widely spoken in the ancient Near East and served as a lingua franca during various empires.

• A dialect of ancient Greek used in the Mediterranean region.

• A language family that includes Hebrew and Arabic.

• An extinct language once spoken in the British Isles.

Jihad

• A physical battle against enemies of Islam.

• An Islamic term referring to the spiritual struggle against sin; often misunderstood as solely meaning 'holy war.'

• A pilgrimage to Mecca that every Muslim must undertake.

• A set of laws governing Islamic finance.

Ottoman Empire

• A vast empire that controlled much of Southeast Europe, Western Asia, and North Africa from the 14th to early 20th century.

• A small kingdom located in the heart of Europe during the Middle Ages.

• A trading company that operated in the Mediterranean Sea.

• A cultural movement that began in the 18th century.

Hijab

• A type of traditional dress worn by women in many cultures.

• A head covering worn in public by some Muslim women as a symbol of modesty and privacy.

• A form of greeting in Arabic culture.

• A type of food commonly eaten during Ramadan.

Arab

• A member of the Semitic people originally from the Arabian Peninsula, known for their rich cultural and historical contributions.

• A type of traditional Middle Eastern dance.

• A popular dish made of ground meat and spices.

• A historical figure known for uniting various tribes.

Persian Empire

• A major empire in ancient history, known for its significant cultural, political, and military influence across the Middle East and beyond.

• A small kingdom in Europe during the Middle Ages.

• A civilization known for its advanced technology and space exploration.

• A tribal confederation in North America.

Caliph

• A religious and political leader in Islam, considered a successor to the Prophet Muhammad.

• A title given to the leaders of the Christian Church.

• A term used for the Islamic holy book.

• A type of Islamic prayer ritual.

Sharia

• A legal system based on secular principles.

• Islamic law derived from the Quran and the Hadith, governing aspects of both public and private life.

• A set of guidelines for ethical business practices.

• A historical document outlining the life of Prophet Muhammad.

Sumerian and Akkadian

• Ancient languages and civilizations of Mesopotamia, known for their contributions to writing, law, and architecture.

• Modern languages spoken in the Middle East.

• Languages primarily used in trade during the Roman Empire.

• Languages that have no historical significance.