CH8: VOCABULARY - HUMAN POPULATION

Growth rate

• The change in size of a population over a specific period.

• The speed at which an individual grows in height.

• The increase in the number of species in an ecosystem.

• The rate at which resources are consumed by a population.

Demographic transition

• A theory that links lower birthrates and death rates in a population to improvements in education, economic conditions, and health care.

• A model that predicts population growth based on resource availability.

• A concept that describes the migration patterns of populations over time.

• A framework for understanding the impact of climate change on population dynamics.

Total fertility rate

• The average number of children a female member of a population gives birth to during her lifetime.

• The total number of children born in a year divided by the number of women of childbearing age.

• The number of children a woman has at the age of 30.

• The average number of children born per woman in a specific region.

Life expectancy

• The average number of years an individual can expect to live.

• The total number of years a person has lived.

• The maximum age a person can reach in their lifetime.

• The average age at which people retire.

Infant mortality

• The number of infants per 1000 live births in a population that do not survive the first year of life.

• The total number of deaths in a population regardless of age.

• The percentage of infants who survive the first month of life.

• The average age at which infants are expected to die.

Industrial Revolution

• Introduction of machinery powered by fossil fuels, marked by the shift from a rural, agriculture-based society to an urban, industry-based society.

• Transition from manual labor to automated processes in agriculture.

• Development of renewable energy sources to power industries.

• Establishment of global trade routes for agricultural products.

Wealth gap

• The difference in assets and income between individuals in a society or between nations.

• A measure of the total wealth of a country divided by its population.

• The disparity in educational opportunities among different social classes.

• The variation in spending habits between different income groups.

Demography

• The study of human populations.

• The analysis of economic trends.

• The examination of historical events.

• The evaluation of environmental impacts.

Replacement fertility

• The birthrate at which a nation’s population size stays the same.

• The birthrate that leads to population decline.

• The birthrate that exceeds the death rate significantly.

• The birthrate that is below the global average.