सिंचाई विधियाँ और जल उपयोग

Which method is the most efficient in water use?

• Surface irrigation

• Drip irrigation

• Flood irrigation

• Sprinkler irrigation

Answer explanation

Drip irrigation is the most efficient method in water use as it delivers water directly to the plant roots, minimizing evaporation and runoff, unlike surface, flood, or sprinkler irrigation methods.

Which irrigation method is suitable for undulating land?

• Surface irrigation

• Drip irrigation

• Sprinkler irrigation

• Canal irrigation

Answer explanation

Sprinkler irrigation is suitable for undulating land as it can distribute water evenly over uneven surfaces, reducing runoff and ensuring adequate moisture for crops. Other methods may not be as effective in such terrain.

Which type of soil needs frequent irrigation?

• Sandy soil

• Clay soil

• Loamy soil

• Alluvial soil

Answer explanation

Clay soil retains water and has poor drainage, requiring frequent irrigation to support plant growth. In contrast, sandy soil drains quickly, while loamy and alluvial soils have better moisture retention.

Which crop is highly sensitive to waterlogging?

• Rice

• Wheat

• Sugarcane

• Jute

Answer explanation

Rice is highly sensitive to waterlogging, as excess water can lead to oxygen deficiency in the soil, adversely affecting its growth and yield. In contrast, wheat, sugarcane, and jute are more tolerant to such conditions.

Water requirement of rice crop per season is approximately:

• 200-300 mm

• 500-700 mm

• 1200-1500 mm

• 2000-2500 mm

Answer explanation

The water requirement for rice crops is significant, typically ranging from 1200-1500 mm per season. This amount ensures optimal growth and yield, making it the correct choice among the options provided.

The irrigation interval is longest in which crop?

• Paddy

• Cotton

• Groundnut

• Wheat

Answer explanation

Paddy requires continuous flooding for optimal growth, leading to the longest irrigation interval among the options. In contrast, crops like cotton, groundnut, and wheat have shorter irrigation needs.

Which system uses emitters to deliver water near the root zone?

Answer explanation

The system that uses emitters to deliver water near the root zone is called drip irrigation. This method ensures efficient water use by targeting the root area directly, minimizing evaporation and runoff.

In which crop is the irrigation interval longest?

• Paddy / धान

• Cotton / कपास

• Groundnut / मूंगफली

• Wheat / गेहूं

Answer explanation

Paddy requires continuous water supply and has the longest irrigation interval among the options, as it is typically grown in flooded conditions, unlike the other crops which need less frequent watering.

Which system uses emitters to deliver water near the root zone?

• Sprinkler / स्प्रिंकलर

• Drip / ड्रिप

• Furrow / फर्रो

• Border / बॉर्डर

Answer explanation

The drip irrigation system uses emitters to deliver water directly to the root zone of plants, ensuring efficient water use and minimizing evaporation, unlike sprinklers, furrows, or borders.

Pan evaporation method is used to calculate:

• Soil moisture / मिट्टी की नमी

• Water requirement / जल आवश्यकता

• Irrigation scheduling / सिंचाई समय निर्धारण

• Crop coefficient / फसल गुणांक

Answer explanation

Pan evaporation method measures the rate of evaporation from a standardized pan, which helps in estimating the water requirement for crops. Thus, the correct answer is 'Water requirement / जल आवश्यकता'.