APES MATH REVIEW

A study recorded the average monthly temperatures in a city over the past five years. The recorded average temperatures (in degrees Celsius) for the month of July over these five years were as follows: 28.5, 29.1, 30.2, 28.9, and 29.5. Calculate the average July temperature over these five years.

• 29.24°C

• 28.90°C

• 30.00°C

• 29.80°C

Answer explanation

To find the average July temperature, add the recorded temperatures: 28.5 + 29.1 + 30.2 + 28.9 + 29.5 = 145.2. Then divide by 5 (the number of years): 145.2 / 5 = 29.24°C. Thus, the correct answer is 29.24°C.

As of 2020, the population of the Salt Lake Valley was approximately 1.15 million, while the entire state of Utah had a population of about 3.28 million. Calculate the percentage of Utah's population that resides in the Salt Lake Valley.

• 35.06%

• 28.05%

• 42.13%

• 51.22%

Answer explanation

To find the percentage of Utah's population in the Salt Lake Valley, divide 1.15 million by 3.28 million and multiply by 100. This gives approximately 35.06%, which is the correct answer.

In 2021, a country generated a total of 1,200 terawatt-hours (TWh) of electricity. Out of this, 360 TWh was generated from renewable energy sources. Calculate the percentage of the country's electricity that was generated from renewable energy sources.

• 30%

• 20%

• 40%

• 15%

Answer explanation

To find the percentage of electricity generated from renewable sources, divide the renewable generation (360 TWh) by the total generation (1200 TWh) and multiply by 100. (360/1200) * 100 = 30%. Thus, the correct answer is 30%.

According to NASA, the Arctic sea ice extent was approximately 4.28 million square kilometers in September 2010 and decreased to about 3.74 million square kilometers in September 2020. Calculate the percent change in Arctic sea ice extent from 2010 to 2020.

• -12.62%

• -8.45%

• -15.90%

• -5.00%

Answer explanation

To find the percent change, use the formula: ((new value - old value) / old value) * 100. Here, ((3.74 - 4.28) / 4.28) * 100 = -12.62%. Thus, the correct answer is -12.62%.

According to the United Nations, the global population was approximately 6.92 billion in 2010 and increased to about 7.79 billion by 2020. Calculate the annual rate of change in the global population over this period.

• 0.087 billion per year

• 0.17 billion per year

• 0.005 billion per year

• 0.25 billion per year

Answer explanation

To find the annual rate of change, subtract the population in 2010 from that in 2020 (7.79 - 6.92 = 0.87 billion) and divide by the number of years (10). This gives 0.087 billion per year, which is the correct answer.

In a grassland ecosystem, the Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) is reported to be 3,000 grams of carbon per square meter per year. The respiration rate is measured at 1,500 grams of carbon per square meter per year. Calculate the Net Primary Productivity (NPP) of the grassland ecosystem.

• 1,500 grams of carbon per square meter per year

• 4,500 grams of carbon per square meter per year

• 1,000 grams of carbon per square meter per year

• 2,000 grams of carbon per square meter per year

Answer explanation

Net Primary Productivity (NPP) is calculated as GPP minus respiration. Here, NPP = 3000 g/m²/yr - 1500 g/m²/yr = 1500 g/m²/yr. Thus, the correct answer is 1,500 grams of carbon per square meter per year.

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NGSS.MS-LS1-6

NGSS.MS-LS2-3

Germany has a Crude Birth Rate (CBR) of approximately 9 births per 1,000 people, a Crude Death Rate (CDR) of about 11 deaths per 1,000 people, and a Crude Net Migration Rate (CNMR) of around 3 migrants per 1,000 people. Calculate the population growth rate for Germany, considering births, deaths, and migration. (Population growth rate (%) = (CBR - CDR ± CNMR) / 10)

• 0.1%

• -0.5%

• 0.3%

• 1.1%

Answer explanation

To find the population growth rate, use the formula: (CBR - CDR + CNMR) / 10. Plugging in the values: (9 - 11 + 3) / 10 = 0.1%. Thus, the correct answer is 0.1%.

Ethiopia has a population growth rate of approximately 2.5% per year. Calculate the doubling time for Ethiopia's population using the Rule of 70.

• 28 years

• 35 years

• 18 years

• 50 years

Answer explanation

To find the doubling time, use the Rule of 70: Doubling Time = 70 / Growth Rate. For Ethiopia, it's 70 / 2.5 = 28 years. Thus, the correct answer is 28 years.

New York City has an estimated population of 8.4 million people and covers an urban area of approximately 789 square kilometers. Calculate the population density of New York City in people per square kilometer. (Population density = number of individuals / area)

• 10,648 people per square kilometer

• 5,200 people per square kilometer

• 8,900 people per square kilometer

• 12,000 people per square kilometer

Answer explanation

To find the population density, divide the population (8.4 million) by the area (789 sq km). This gives 10,648 people per square kilometer, making the correct choice 10,648 people per square kilometer.

A town of 20,000 people recycles a total of 500 tons of waste annually. Calculate the per capita recycling amount in tons per person per year. (Per capita value = total measurement / population size)

• 0.025 tons per person per year

• 0.0025 tons per person per year

• 0.25 tons per person per year

• 0.05 tons per person per year

Answer explanation

To find the per capita recycling amount, divide the total recycling (500 tons) by the population (20,000). This gives 500 / 20,000 = 0.025 tons per person per year, which is the correct answer.