Civics 2025 final review

Which Enlightenment thinker influenced the Declaration of Independence with his ideas on natural rights, including life, liberty, and property?

• Montesquieu

• Rousseau

• John Locke

• Hobbes

What concept did Montesquieu promote to prevent tyranny by dividing government into branches?

• Social contract

• Natural rights

• Separation of powers

• Strong central government

According to Rousseau, where does the government's authority come from?

• The military

• The people

• The monarchy

• The economy

What principle is reflected in the Preamble of the U.S. Constitution regarding popular sovereignty?

• The government derives its power from the military

• The government derives its power from the consent of the governed

• The government derives its power from the economy

• The government derives its power from the judiciary

Which branch of government is responsible for interpreting the laws?

• Legislative Branch

• Executive Branch

• Judicial Branch

• Federal Branch

What is the purpose of checks and balances in the U.S. government?

• To ensure one branch becomes too powerful

• To limit the actions of the other branches

• To increase the power of the executive branch

• To eliminate the legislative branch

What is the landmark case that established the principle of judicial review?

• Brown v. Board of Education

• Marbury v. Madison

• Roe v. Wade

• Plessy v. Ferguson

What form of government is characterized by citizens electing representatives to make decisions on their behalf?

• Monarchy

• Oligarchy

• Republic

• Dictatorship

What principle ensures that the law applies to everyone, even those in power?

• Rule of Law

• Individual Rights

• Electoral College

• Unitary System

Which document protects individual freedoms through the Bill of Rights?

• Articles of Confederation

• U.S. Constitution

• Magna Carta

• Declaration of Independence