DNA Structure and Replication

The shape of DNA is referred to as a _____

• single helix

• double helix

• triple helix

• quadruple helix

DNA replication takes place during the ___ stage of the cell cycle.

• G1

• Synthesis

• G2

• Mitosis

What is the purpose of DNA replication?

• To ensure that each new cell receives an exact copy of the DNA during cell division.

• To create genetic diversity among organisms.

• To repair damaged DNA strands.

• To facilitate protein synthesis in the cell.

What is the difference between leading and lagging strands during DNA replication?

• The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized in short segments called Okazaki fragments.

• Both strands are synthesized continuously without interruption.

• The leading strand is synthesized in short segments, while the lagging strand is synthesized continuously.

• The leading strand is synthesized only during the S phase, while the lagging strand is synthesized during G2 phase.

The single ring structures are also known as ____

• pyrimidines

• purines

• nucleotides

• amino acids

What is the role of ligase in DNA replication?

• Ligase unwinds the DNA helix to allow replication.

• Ligase synthesizes new DNA strands during replication.

• Ligase joins Okazaki fragments on the lagging strand, sealing the gaps between them.

• Ligase removes RNA primers from the newly synthesized DNA.

What is a mutation in the context of DNA?

• A change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA, which can lead to changes in protein function.

• A process that repairs damaged DNA sequences.

• A type of DNA replication error that is always harmful.

• A method of DNA sequencing used in genetic research.

What is a replication fork?

• A Y-shaped region where the DNA double helix is separated into two single strands for replication.

• A point where two DNA strands are joined together.

• A structure that prevents DNA from unwinding during replication.

• A type of enzyme that synthesizes new DNA strands.

DNA is a long, double stranded molecule composed of monomers called?

• amino acids

• nucleotides

• fatty acids

• sugars

What are the two types of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

• Purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (cytosine and thymine)

• Amino acids and nucleotides

• Carbohydrates and lipids

• Proteins and sugars