Unit 4: Disease and Disruption of Homeostasis

Microbe

• A microscopic organism, which may exist in its single-celled form or in a colony of cells.

• A large multicellular organism that can be seen with the naked eye.

• A type of virus that can infect human cells.

• A chemical compound that promotes growth in plants.

Evolution

• The process by which different kinds of living organisms are thought to have developed and diversified from earlier forms during the history of the earth.

• A theory that suggests all species are created independently and do not change over time.

• The study of how living organisms interact with their environment.

• A method of breeding plants and animals to enhance desired traits.

Diabetes

• A condition characterized by low blood sugar levels.

• A group of diseases that result in too much sugar in the blood (high blood glucose).

• A type of heart disease caused by high cholesterol.

• An autoimmune disorder affecting the thyroid gland.

Antigen

• A substance that induces an immune response, often by the production of antibodies.

• A type of white blood cell that fights infections.

• A protein that helps in blood clotting.

• A hormone that regulates metabolism.

Immune Response

• The body's defense mechanism against foreign substances or pathogens.

• A process of digestion in the stomach.

• The mechanism of blood circulation in the body.

• A method of cellular respiration.

Insulin

• A hormone produced in the pancreas that regulates the amount of glucose in the blood.

• A type of carbohydrate that provides energy to the body.

• A protein that helps in the digestion of fats.

• A vitamin that aids in the absorption of calcium.

Fungi

• A group of spore-producing organisms feeding on organic matter, including molds, yeast, mushrooms, and toadstools.

• A type of plant that produces flowers and seeds.

• A category of animals that live in water and have gills.

• A group of bacteria that can cause diseases in humans.

Vaccine

• A biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease.

• A type of medication used to treat infections.

• A method of diagnosing diseases through blood tests.

• A surgical procedure to remove harmful pathogens.

Plasmid

• A small DNA molecule that is part of the chromosomal DNA.

• A small RNA molecule that helps in protein synthesis.

• A small DNA molecule within a cell that is physically separated from chromosomal DNA and can replicate independently.

• A large protein complex involved in DNA replication.

Antibiotic

• A type of antimicrobial substance active against bacteria, used in the treatment and prevention of bacterial infections.

• A medication used to treat viral infections.

• A type of pain reliever that reduces inflammation.

• A substance that promotes the growth of bacteria.